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A common East-Asian ALDH2 mutation causes metabolic disorders and the therapeutic effect of ALDH2 activators.

ABSTRACT: Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached pandemic proportion. ALDH2 (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial) is the key metabolizing enzyme of acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. A missense Glu504Lys mutation of the ALDH2 gene is prevalent in 560 million East Asians, resulting in reduced ALDH2 enzymatic activity. We find that male Aldh2 knock-in mice mimicking human Glu504Lys mutation were prone to develop diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver due to reduced adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We find reduced activity of ALDH2 of the brown adipose tissue from the male Aldh2 homozygous knock-in mice. Proteomic analyses of the brown adipose tissue from the male Aldh2 knock-in mice identifies increased 4-hydroxynonenal-adducted proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and electron transport chain, leading to markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation rate and mitochondrial respiration of brown adipose tissue, which is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. AD-9308 is a water-soluble, potent, and highly selective ALDH2 activator. AD-9308 treatment ameliorates diet-induced obesity and fatty liver, and improves glucose homeostasis in both male Aldh2 wild-type and knock-in mice. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of reducing toxic aldehyde levels by activating ALDH2 for metabolic diseases.

SUBMITTER: Chang YC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10520061 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A common East-Asian ALDH2 mutation causes metabolic disorders and the therapeutic effect of ALDH2 activators.

Chang Yi-Cheng YC Lee Hsiao-Lin HL Yang Wenjin W Hsieh Meng-Lun ML Liu Cai-Cin CC Lee Tung-Yuan TY Huang Jing-Yong JY Nong Jiun-Yi JY Li Fu-An FA Chuang Hsiao-Li HL Ding Zhi-Zhong ZZ Su Wei-Lun WL Chueh Li-Yun LY Tsai Yi-Ting YT Chen Che-Hong CH Mochly-Rosen Daria D Chuang Lee-Ming LM

Nature communications 20230925 1

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached pandemic proportion. ALDH2 (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial) is the key metabolizing enzyme of acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. A missense Glu504Lys mutation of the ALDH2 gene is prevalent in 560 million East Asians, resulting in reduced ALDH2 enzymatic activity. We find that male Aldh2 knock-in mice mimicking human Glu504Lys mutation were prone to develop diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resi ...[more]

PMID: 37749090

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Project description:Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached pandemic proportion. In particular, the population with diabetes is expected to rise rapidly in East and South Asia. ALDH2 (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial) is the key metabolizing enzyme of acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). A missense Glu504Lys mutation of the ALDH2 gene is prevalent in 560 million East Asians, resulting in reduced ALDH2 enzymatic activity. We found that Aldh2 knock-in (KI) mice mimicking human Glu504Lys mutation were prone to develop diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver compared with controls due to reduced adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We found elevated 4-HNE levels and increased 4-HNE adducted proteins due to reduced activity of ALDH2 of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) from the Aldh2 homozygous KI mice. Proteomic analyses of the BAT from the Aldh2 KI mice identified increased 4-HNE-adducted proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and electron transport chain (ETC), leading to markedly decreased FAO and mitochondrial respiration of BAT, which is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. AD-9308 is a water-soluble prodrug of a potent and highly selective ALDH2 activator AD-5591. In vitro, AD-5591 enhanced both WT and mutant ALDH2 enzymatic activities. AD-9308 allosterically activates ALDH2 mainly by partially blocking the substrate exit tunnel, thereby accelerating the substrate-enzyme collision.4-HNE-adducted proteins, especially those involved in mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation and electron transfer chain of the brown adipose tissue from the Aldh2 knock-in mice, leading to impaired mitochondrial dysfunction brown adipose tissue. In vivo, AD-9308 treatment reduced serum 4-HNE levels, ameliorated diet-induced obesity and fatty liver, and improved glucose homeostasis in both Aldh2 WT and KI mice dose-dependently. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of reducing toxic aldehyde levels by activating ALDH2 for treating metabolic diseases.

Dataset Information

A common East-Asian ALDH2 mutation causes metabolic disorders and the therapeutic effect of ALDH2 activators.

Publications

A common East-Asian ALDH2 mutation causes metabolic disorders and the therapeutic effect of ALDH2 activators.

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