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Structure of the human ATAD2 AAA+ histone chaperone reveals mechanism of regulation and inter-subunit communication.

ABSTRACT: ATAD2 is a non-canonical ATP-dependent histone chaperone and a major cancer target. Despite widespread efforts to design drugs targeting the ATAD2 bromodomain, little is known about the overall structural organization and regulation of ATAD2. Here, we present the 3.1 Å cryo-EM structure of human ATAD2 in the ATP state, showing a shallow hexameric spiral that binds a peptide substrate at the central pore. The spiral conformation is locked by an N-terminal linker domain (LD) that wedges between the seam subunits, thus limiting ATP-dependent symmetry breaking of the AAA+ ring. In contrast, structures of the ATAD2-histone H3/H4 complex show the LD undocked from the seam, suggesting that H3/H4 binding unlocks the AAA+ spiral by allosterically releasing the LD. These findings, together with the discovery of an inter-subunit signaling mechanism, reveal a unique regulatory mechanism for ATAD2 and lay the foundation for developing new ATAD2 inhibitors.

SUBMITTER: Cho C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10539301 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structure of the human ATAD2 AAA+ histone chaperone reveals mechanism of regulation and inter-subunit communication.

Cho Carol C Ganser Christian C Uchihashi Takayuki T Kato Koichi K Song Ji-Joon JJ

Communications biology 20230928 1

ATAD2 is a non-canonical ATP-dependent histone chaperone and a major cancer target. Despite widespread efforts to design drugs targeting the ATAD2 bromodomain, little is known about the overall structural organization and regulation of ATAD2. Here, we present the 3.1 Å cryo-EM structure of human ATAD2 in the ATP state, showing a shallow hexameric spiral that binds a peptide substrate at the central pore. The spiral conformation is locked by an N-terminal linker domain (LD) that wedges between th ...[more]

PMID: 37770645

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Project description:It is remarkable that a pathway as ubiquitous as protein quality control can be targeted to treat cancer. Bortezomib, an inhibitor of the proteasome, was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) more than 10 years ago to treat refractory myeloma and later extended to lymphoma. Its use has increased the survival rate of myeloma patients by as much as three years. This success was followed with the recent accelerated approval of the natural product derived proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (Kyprolis®), which is used to treat patients with bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma. The success of these two drugs has validated protein quality control as a viable target to fight select cancers, but begs the question why are proteasome inhibitors limited to lymphoma and myeloma? More recently, these limitations have encouraged the search for additional targets within the protein quality control system that might offer heightened cancer cell specificity, enhanced clinical utility, a lower rate of resistance, reduced toxicity, and mitigated side effects. One promising target is p97, an ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA+) chaperone. p97 figures prominently in protein quality control as well as serving a variety of other cellular functions associated with cancer. More than a decade ago, it was determined that up-regulation of p97 in many forms of cancer correlates with a poor clinical outcome. Since these initial discoveries, a mechanistic explanation for this observation has been partially illuminated, but details are lacking. Understandably, given this clinical correlation, myriad roles within the cell, and its importance in protein quality control, p97 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. This review provides an overview of efforts towards the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of p97, offering a synopsis of efforts that parallel the excellent reviews that currently exist on p97 structure, function, and physiology.

Dataset Information

Structure of the human ATAD2 AAA+ histone chaperone reveals mechanism of regulation and inter-subunit communication.

Publications

Structure of the human ATAD2 AAA+ histone chaperone reveals mechanism of regulation and inter-subunit communication.

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