Case Report: Stereotactic body radiation treatment for immunotherapy escaped oligometastatic progression in cutaneous melanoma and merkel cell carcinoma
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Khaddour K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10547860 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exists on a spectrum, with a subset of patients presenting with oligometastatic disease involving only a limited number of distant sites. For these patients, local consolidative therapy (LCT) has been demonstrated to improve outcomes through ablation or cytoreduction of metastatic disease, as shown in an increasing number of randomized controlled trials. In particular, stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) has emerged as a feasible treatment modality for elimination of oligometastatic sites. This focused review examines the underlying biologic mechanisms and clinical data in support of SABR in the setting of oligometastatic NSCLC. Following a comprehensive evaluation of the pertinent retrospective, prospective, and anticipated trials to date, we summarize the evidence regarding patient selection, treatment safety, and technical considerations to provide guidance of this approach for clinicians.
| S-EPMC6351406 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundImprovements in systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have markedly extended survival, rendering local control of metastases to critical organs of increasing importance, especially in the oligometastatic setting where the disease may not yet have acquired the ability to widely disseminate. While surgical resection remains the gold standard for oligometastases in many organs, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) presents a non-invasive alternative for achieving local control.MethodsA literature review was performed to identify and summarize the findings of key prospective and retrospective studies that have shaped the field of SBRT for oligometastases to the lung, liver, and spine with a focus on oligometastases from CRC in particular.ResultsModern dose-escalated SBRT regimens can achieve 1-year local control rates of 77-100%, 90-100%, and 81-95% for oligometastases involving the lung, liver, and spine, respectively. Rates of grade 3 or greater toxicity with contemporary SBRT techniques are consistently low at <10% in the lung, <5% in the liver, and <2%/8% for neurologic/non-neurologic toxicity in the spine, respectively.ConclusionSBRT appears safe and effective for treating oligometastases involving the lung, liver, and spine. Randomized trials comparing SBRT to surgical resection and other local therapeutic modalities for the treatment of CRC oligometastases bear consideration.
| S-EPMC5465794 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as a form of noninvasive treatment that is becoming increasingly used to manage cancers with adrenal gland metastases. There is a paucity of data on safety and efficacy of this modality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adrenal gland SBRT in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, we performed a single-institution analysis of 26 adrenal lesions from 23 patients with oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease treated from 2013 to 2019 with the goal of achieving durable local control. Palliative cases were excluded. Radiation dosimetry data was collected. Kaplan Meier product estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe median dose was 36 Gy in 3 fractions (range: 24-50 Gy and 3-6 fractions) with a median biologically effective dose (BED10) of 72 (range: 40-100). 1-year local control rate was 80% and median local control was not achieved due to a low number of failures. 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 66% and 32%. Toxicity was mild with only one case of grade 2 nausea and no grade 3-5 toxicity. Higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was associated with worse overall survival and a trend toward worse progression-free survival. In addition, worse performance status and lower BED10 were associated with worse survival. No such association could be shown for primary tumor location, histology, size or stage.ConclusionAdrenal SBRT for oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease is a safe and effective form of treatment.
| S-EPMC8281902 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the oncological outcome after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (omHSPC) patients.Materials-methodsIn this retrospective, observational, multi-institutional study, omHSPC patients (≤5 metastases) underwent SBRT. Primary endpoint was systemic therapy escalation-free survival (STE-FS) after SBRT. Local (LR), distant (DR), prostatic (PR) and isolated biochemical (iBR) relapses were reported with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic factors for STE-FS were investigated. Toxicity was reported.ResultsFrom 01/07 to 09/19, 119 pts with omHSPC underwent SBRT. With a MFU of 34 months [12-97], median STE-FS was 33.4 months (95%CI 26.6---40.1). Median OS was not reached and PFS was 22.7 months (CI95% 18.6---32.3). Post-SBRT-PSA remained stable or decreased in 87 pts (73.1%). Progression events (LR, MR, PR, iBR) were observed in 72 pts (60.5%), among whom 6 relapsed in the irradiated area (local control rate: 95%). DR, BR, PR were observed in 44 pts (37%), 21pts (17.7%) and 2 pts (1.7%) respectively. In multivariate analysis, post-SBRT biochemical response was an independent prognostic factor for STE-FS. Grade ≥ 3 toxicity occurred in 1pt.ConclusionWith excellent local control and tolerance, SBRT for omHSPC patients represents an attractive approach to defer systemic therapeutic escalation and prevent its side effects. Accurate patient selection for SBRT requires more data with longer follow-up and higher numbers of patients pending the results of upcoming randomized trials.
| S-EPMC10493250 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC5864629 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeStereotactic body radiotherapy is increasingly used for the treatment of oligometastatic disease. Magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic radiotherapy (MRgSBRT) offers the opportunity to perform dose escalation protocols while reducing the unnecessary irradiation of the surrounding organs at risk. The aim of this retrospective, monoinstitutional study is to evaluate the feasibility and clinical benefit (CB) of MRgSBRT in the setting of oligometastatic patients.Materials and methodsData from oligometastatic patients treated with MRgSBRT were collected. The primary objectives were to define the 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and local progression-free survival (LPFS) and 24-month overall survival (OS) rate. The objective response rate (ORR) included complete response (CR) and partial response (PR). CB was defined as the achievement of ORR and stable disease (SD). Toxicities were also assessed according to the CTCAE version 5.0 scale.ResultsFrom February 2017 to March 2021, 59 consecutive patients with a total of 80 lesions were treated by MRgSBRT on a 0.35 T hybrid unit. CR and PR as well as SD were observed in 30 (37.5%), 7 (8.75%), and 17 (21.25%) lesions, respectively. Furthermore, CB was evaluated at a rate of 67.5% with an ORR of 46.25%. Median follow-up time was 14 months (range: 3-46 months). The 12-month LPFS and PFS rates were 70% and 23%, while 24-month OS rate was 93%. No acute toxicity was reported, whereas late pulmonary fibrosis G1 was observed in 9 patients (15.25%).ConclusionMRgSBRT was well tolerated by patients with reported low toxicity levels and a satisfying CB.
| S-EPMC10116467 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe primary goal of this study was to determine overall survival (OS) in patients who underwent local treatment (metastasectomy or stereotactic body radiotherapy [SBRT]) or systemic therapy (chemotherapy or targeted therapy) for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer. The secondary goal was to determine prognostic factors for OS.MethodsPatients with synchronous or metachronous oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer who underwent local treatment or systemic therapy were included in this single-center, retrospective cohort study. Oligometastatic disease (OMD) included 1 organ or 1 extraregional lymph node station with ≤ 3 lesions. OS was determined after OMD detection. Treatment for OMD was categorized as (1) local treatment, (2) local plus systemic, (3) systemic therapy. The primary tumor was controlled after resection or definitive chemoradiotherapy.ResultsIn total, 85 patients were included. Treatment for OMD was local treatment (58%), local plus systemic (14%), or systemic therapy (28%). The primary tumor was controlled in 68% of patients. Most patients were diagnosed with distal esophageal cancer (61%), with adenocarcinoma histology (76%), and presented with synchronous OMD (51%). OS after local treatment was 17 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 12-40), after local plus systemic therapy 35 months (95% CI 29-NA), and after systemic therapy 16 months (95% CI 11-NA). Better OS was independently associated with local plus systemic compared with local treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 2.11, 95% CI 1.05-5.07) or systemic therapy (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.04-6.07).ConclusionsLocal plus systemic therapy for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer was independently associated with improved OS and better OS compared with either systemic therapy or local treatment.
| S-EPMC9246791 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) also referred to as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), is a technique which has emerged over the past two decades due to improvements in radiation technology. Unlike conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) which traditionally delivers radiation in small doses [approximately 2 Gray (Gy) per fraction] over several weeks, SBRT, typically delivered in one to eight fractions, is a technique whereby potentially ablative doses of radiotherapy (usually 7.5-20 Gy per fraction) can be delivered with steeper dose gradients and sub millimetre precision, minimising risk to surrounding normal tissues. The potential benefits of excellent tumor control with low toxicity has led to the increasing use of SBRT in a number of clinical situations. Due to compelling evidence, SBRT is now the treatment of choice for medically inoperable patients with peripherally located stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Controversy remains however as to its efficacy and safety for central or ultra-central lung tumors. The evidence base supporting the use of SBRT as a novel treatment for spinal metastases and oligometastases is rapidly expanding but challenges remain in these difficult patient populations. In an era where targeted therapy and improved systemic treatments for stage IV cancer have resulted in increased disease-free survival, and our knowledge of the oligometastatic state is ever expanding, using SBRT to treat metastatic disease and gain durable local control is increasingly desirable. Several randomized trials are currently underway and are sure to provide valuable information on the benefit and utility of SBRT across many tumor sites including early-stage NSCLC, spinal metastases and oligometastatic disease. Recognizing the evolving role of SBRT in clinical practice, this paper provides a critical review of recent developments in each of these areas particularly highlighting the challenges facing clinicians and discusses potential areas for future research.
| S-EPMC6068327 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a form of radiation therapy (RT) in which a small number of high doses of radiation are delivered to a target volume using highly sophisticated equipment. Stereotactic body radiation therapy is crucial in two cancer stages: early primary cancer and oligometastatic disease, with the goal of inducing complete cancer remission in both. This treatment method is commonly used to treat a variety of disease types. Over the years, a growing body of clinical evidence on the use of SBRT for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors has accumulated, with efficacy and safety demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. This article will review the technical and clinical aspects of SBRT according to disease type and clinical indication.
| S-EPMC8909365 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a promising treatment for oligometastatic disease in bone because of its delivery of high dose to target tissue and minimal dose to surrounding tissue. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and toxicity of this treatment in patients with previously unirradiated oligometastatic bony disease.Methods and materialsIn this prospective phase II trial, patients with oligometastatic bone disease, defined as ≤3 active sites of disease, were treated with SBRT at Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana Farber Cancer Center and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between December 2016 and May 2019. SBRT dose and fractionation regimen were not protocol mandated. Local progression-free survival, progression-free survival, prostatic specific antigen progression, and overall survival were reported. Treatment-related toxicity was also reported.ResultsA total of 98 patients and 126 lesions arising from various tumor histologies were included in this study. The median age of patients enrolled was 72.8 years (80.6% male, 19.4% female). Median follow-up was 26.7 months. The most common histology was prostate cancer (68.4%, 67/98). The most common dose prescriptions were 27/30 Gy in 3 fractions (27.0%, 34/126), 30 Gy in 5 fractions (16.7%, 21/126), or 30/35 Gy in 5 fractions (16.7%, 21/126). Multiple doses per treatment regimen reflect dose painting employing the lower dose to the clinical target volume and higher dose to the gross tumor volume. Four patients (4.1%, 4/98) experienced local progression at 1 site for each patient (3.2%, 4/126). Among the entire cohort, 2-year local progression-free survival (including death without local progression) was 84.8%, 2-year progression-free survival (including deaths as well as local, distant, and prostatic specific antigen progression) was 47.5%, and 2-year overall survival was 87.3%. Twenty-six patients (26.5%, 26/98) developed treatment-related toxicities.ConclusionsOur study supports existing literature in showing that SBRT is effective and tolerable in patients with oligometastatic bone disease. Larger phase III trials are necessary and reasonable to determine long-term efficacy and toxicities.
| S-EPMC10884444 | biostudies-literature