Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases
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SUBMITTER: Islam M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10547892 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Purpose:The study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Saudi patients with chronic diseases. Methods:A multi-center cross sectional study was conducted for a month in out-patient wards of hospitals in Khobar, Dammam, Makkah, and Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were randomly selected from a registered patient pools at hospitals and the item-subject ratio was kept at 1:20. The tool was assessed for factorial, construct, convergent, known group and predictive validities as well as, reliability and internal consistency of scale were also evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS v24 and MedCalc v19.2. The study was approved by concerned ethics committees (IRB-129-25/6/1439) and (IRB-2019-05-002). Results:A total of 282 responses were received. The values for normed fit index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI) and incremental fit index (IFI) were 0.960, 0.979, 0.954 and 0.980. All values were >0.95. The value for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.059, i.e., <0.06. Hence, factorial validity was established. The average factor loading of the scale was 0.725, i.e., >0.7, that established convergent validity. Known group validity was established by obtaining significant p-value <0.05, for the associations based on hypotheses. Cronbach's ? was 0.865, i.e., >0.7. Predictive validity was established by evaluating odds ratios (OR) of demographic factors with adherence score using logistic regression. Sensitivity was 78.16%, specificity was 76.85% and, accuracy of the tool was 77.66%, i.e., >70%. Conclusion:The Arabic version of GMAS achieved all required statistical parameters and was validated in Saudi patients with chronic diseases.
| S-EPMC7474165 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo validate the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Brazilian Portuguese for hypertensive patients.MethodsThe GMAS-English was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and adapted for cultural appropriateness by a translation process and expert panel. A cross-sectional study was conducted in northeast Brazilian cardiology divisions of public and private hospitals, interviewing hypertensive patients. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation, and Pearson's correlation. Convergent validity was tested against the BMQ using chi-square. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing GMAS with blood pressure control using chi-square.ResultsThe GMAS was translated and adapted according to standard procedures. In a validation study with 167 hypertensive patients, Cronbach's alpha was 0.79, and Pearson's correlation showed significant test-retest reliability (p < 0.001). Convergent validity with BMQ was significant (p < 0.001), with 89.4 % sensitivity for behaviors considered adherent (High adherence and good adherence), but between the strata that measure low adherence (Partial adherence, low adherence and very low adherence), the specificity rate was 50 %. Criterion validity between GMAS and blood pressure control was not observed.ConclusionThe Brazilian Portuguese version of the GMAS exhibited good consistency and reproducibility, modest agreement with BMQ scale and did not demonstrate acceptable criterion validity for hypertensive patients.
| S-EPMC11416553 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10547870 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-reporting adherence tool termed as General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Urdu language for measuring adherence toward medication use among Pakistani patients with a chronic disease. Methods: A month-long study (December 2017) was conducted in three tertiary health care settings of Karachi, Pakistan. The tool underwent content and face validity as well as factor analyses, i.e., exploratory, partial confirmatory and confirmatory factor analyses. Random sampling was conducted, and sample size was calculated using item response theory. The item-to-respondent ratio was 1:15. Fit indices namely normed fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), absolute goodness of fit (AGFI), parsimony goodness of fit index (PGFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standard root mean square residual (SRMR) were calculated. Additionally, estimation of the convergent, discriminant and known group validities, was conducted. Internal consistency was analyzed by test-retest reliability, McDonald's and Pearson correlation coefficient. The factor analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 22 and IBM SPSS AMOS version 25. Results: Content validity index (CVI) was reported at 0.8 (SD 0.147) and the tool was content validated with three hypothetical constructs. Factor analyses highlighted a 3-factor structure. The fit indices were calculated with satisfactory results, i.e., PGFI, GFI, AGFI, NFI, TLI, and CFI were greater than 0.9 and PGFI > 0.5. The values of RMSEA and SRMR were less than 0.07. A Cronbach's alpha value of 0.84 was obtained in reliability analysis. The test-retest Pearson's correlation coefficient value was reported at 0.996 (p-value < 0.01). Convergent and discriminant validities for all constructs and, known group validity for two constructs, were established. A high response rate of 91% was achieved in respondents. Patients without insurance coverage appeared to be low adherent compared to those with insurance coverage (p-value < 0.05). Non-comorbid patients were more likely to be highly adherent as compared to comorbid patients (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: A novel tool GMAS was developed in Urdu language and was subsequently validated in patients with chronic diseases.
| S-EPMC6189444 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective:The aim was to validate the Urdu version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis disease. Methods:A 2-month (March-April 2019) cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The sample size was calculated using item-subject ratio of 1:20. The scale was evaluated for factorial, concrete, concurrent, and known group validities. Concrete validity was established by correlating scores of EQ-5D quality of life scale and GMAS adherence score. Concurrent validity was established by correlating the GMAS adherence score with pill count. Analyses for sensitivity were also conducted. Cut-off value was determined through receiver operator curve (ROC), and test-retest method was used to analyze internal consistency and reliability. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS, IBM AMOS, and MedCalc software. The Urdu version of EQ-5D quality of life questionnaire was used with permission from developers (#ID20884). The study was approved by an ethics committee (#NOV:15). Results:A total of 351 responses were analyzed. The response rate was 98%. Reliability was in acceptable range, i.e., Cronbach ? = 0.797. Factorial validity was established by calculation of satisfactory fit indices. Correlation coefficients for concrete and concurrent validities were ? = 0.687, p < 0.01 and ? = 0.779, p < 0.01, respectively. Known group validity was established as significant association of adherence score with insurance and illness duration (p < 0.05) that were reported. Sensitivity of the scale was 94%. Most patients had high adherence (N = 159, 45.3%). Conclusion:The Urdu version of GMAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency and was validated. These results indicate that it is an appropriate tool to measure medication adherence in Pakistani patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
| S-EPMC7379482 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Morisky Green Levine (MGL) adherence scale is a 4-item tool used for the detection of medication nonadherence among patients with chronic health conditions. Despite being widely used in Arabic-speaking research contexts, it has never been validated in Arabic language. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the MGL tool into Arabic. A standard forward-backward process was used to translate the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured to assess internal consistency of the scale. The test-retest reliability measured the consistency of participants' responses over time. Construct validity was evaluated by Explanatory factor analysis (EFA); Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value and Bartlett's test of sphericity were determined. Convergent validity was assessed using a preexisting medications Arabic Adherence Assessment Tool (AAAT). The model fit was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Associations between the MGL scale scores and the patient demographic/clinical characteristics were tested by linear regressions. A total of 201 participants were included into the study. The MGL scale categorization revealed that 20.9%, 59.2% and 19.9% of the participants had high, moderate and low levels of adherence respectively. Adequate internal consistency (alpha = 0.593) was observed. A significant strong ICC and Pearson's correlations were generated between responses at time 1 and time 2. EFA results elucidated the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Pearson's coefficient (r) revealed a significant strong correlation between MGL scale and AAAT. CFA results confirmed a good fit for the suggested model. Linear regression revealed higher number of medications, more frequent outpatient clinic visits and not experiencing medication adverse effect factors significantly associated with better adherence. The Arabic version of MLG scale is a reliable valid tool to assess adherence among Arabic-speaking communities. Implementing interventions targeting patients not compliant to regular clinic visits and those at higher risk of experiencing medication side effects can greatly enhance medication adherence.
| S-EPMC9543961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo translate the Tendency to Stigmatize Epidemics Diseases Scale (TSEDS) into Chinese and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsTranslation and cross-cultural adaptation using the Brislin translation model, and pre-testing to form a Chinese version of TSEDS. A total of 434 adults participated in the study and the TSEDS were measured using the critical ratio method, Pearson correlation analysis, retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and concurrent validity.ResultsThe Chinese version of the TSEDS scale contains 27 items in 5 dimensions, including structural stigma, perceived stigma, organizational stigma, internalized stigma, and social stigma. The average content validity index of the scale was 0.975. The goodness of fit index (χ2/df= 1.981, RMSEA = 0.067, CFI= 0.930, IFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.922) indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.962 and the dimensionality ranged from 0.882 to 0.928. The retest reliability was 0.912.ConclusionThe Chinese version of TSEDS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to assess the epidemiological stigma tendency of Chinese adults.
| S-EPMC11406073 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Medication adherence represents a complex and multifaceted process. Standardized terminology is essential to enable a reproducible process in various languages. The study's aim was to translate and adapt the original Ascertaining Barriers for Compliance (ABC) Taxonomy on medication adherence, first proposed in 2012, into Italian language. The study was carried out according to the Preferred Methods for Translation of the ABC Taxonomy for Medication Adherence adopted by the ESPACOMP. Key steps included: (1) a systematic literature review using PubMed and Embase according to the PRISMA Guidelines to identify published Italian terms and definitions, and Italian adherence experts; (2) a forward translation of terms and definitions; (3) panelists' selection; (4) a three-round Delphi survey. From the systematic review, 19 studies allowed detection of 4 terms, 4 definitions and 767 Italian experts. To these, Italian ESPACOMP members and experts though snowball sampling were added. The identified Italian adherence experts received the Delphi questionnaire. The Italian ABC Taxonomy was achieved after three rounds of Delphi survey by reaching at least a moderate consensus on unambiguous naming and definition of medication adherence-related terms. The Taxonomy is intended to be used in research, academic, and professional fields in order to harmonize adherence terminology and avoid confusion in comparing research findings.
| S-EPMC10048001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Backgroundthe world population is aging, and the prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing. Chronic diseases affect the quality of life of patients and contribute toward increased healthcare costs if patients do not adhere to treatment. This study defines the medication adherence levels of patients with chronic diseases.Methodsan observational cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients aged 65 years and older with chronic diseases were included in this study. The medication adherence report scale was used.Resultsoverall, 98 patients aged 65 years and older were included. The mean age of responders was 78.65 years.Study population71.43% were always adherent; 9.79% often adherent; 14.89% sometimes adherent; 3.87% rarely adherent; and 1% never adherent. The internal consistency of the MARS-5I was good: Cronbach's alfa value of 0.77.Conclusionsthe MARS-5I is an effective self-report instrument to measure the medication adherence of patients. However, further studies are needed to explore factors affecting medication adherence to avoid clinical consequences for patients and high healthcare costs for healthcare facilities. Healthcare communication could be improved to ensure better transitional care.
| S-EPMC9100757 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe management of chronic illnesses commonly includes a long-term pharmacological approach. Although these medications effectively control disease, their full benefits are often not realized because approximately 50% of patients do not take their medications as prescribed. Medication adherence has become a big concern to clinicians and healthcare systems in Saudi Arabia and worldwide because of growing evidence associating nonadherence with adverse outcomes and higher costs of care. Despite it being a well-recognized problem, few studies have investigated medication adherence in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aims to gain a better perspective on medication adherence among patients with chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia.MethodA questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with chronic diseases in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia, from 1 May to 31 July 2021. Patients aged 18 years and above who were taking prescribed or over-the-counter medications were included. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the participants' characteristics, and categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to test the relations between variables.ResultsIn total, 239 participants were included in the study. Females represented 62% of the participants. In terms of the history of chronic diseases, 44% had hypertension, 40% had diabetes mellitus, 21% had heart diseases and 9% had asthma. Nearly half (49%) of participants did not follow up regularly with a primary healthcare center and 42% said that they had forgotten to take their medications in the past. However, most of the participants (78%) stated that they took their medicine as instructed by their doctor or pharmacist, and 61% took their medications on time. The majority of participants (85%) said that the pharmacist explained the method of using the medications and the instructions for use, while 30% thought that the medications they took were too much. In regard to the reasons for medication nonadherence, having no specific reasons for medication nonadherence was the most common cause for nonadherence in our study. The relationship between patients taking medications as instructed by a healthcare provider (the doctor or pharmacist) and the healthcare provider giving clear instructions to patients about medication use was significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFailure to adhere is a significant problem that not only affects the patient but also the healthcare system. Additional research is needed to monitor medication adherence and identify factors contributing to this problem to provide successful strategies to improve medication adherence in Saudi Arabia.
| S-EPMC9408114 | biostudies-literature