Protocol to develop a framework addressing barriers to utilization of elimination of mother- to -child transmission of HIV services among pregnant women and lactating mothers in Gauteng province
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER:
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10565866 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundAdherence to option B+ antiretroviral treatment (ART) is vital to a successful implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program. Further studies show that optimal viral suppression is also crucial for a successful PMTCT program, however barriers to adherence exist and differ among populations and particularly within few years of its adoption in Tanzania. This study therefore aimed at investigating the level and predictors of adherence to ART option B+ among pregnant and lactating women in rural and urban settings of eastern Tanzania.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 pregnant women and lactating mothers on Option B+ regime from six health facilities located in rural and urban settings in Morogoro region in eastern Tanzania. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, as well as bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsGood adherence to option B+ PMTCT drugs was 26.3% and 61.1% among respondents residing in urban and rural areas respectively. The rural residents were 4.86 times more likely to adhere compared to their counterparts in an urban area (aOR = 4.86; 95% CI = 2.91-8.13). Similarly, women with male partners' support in PMTCT were 3.51 times more likely to have good adherence than those without (aOR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.21-10.15). Moreover, there was a significantly lower odds of adherence to option B+ among those who had been on treatment between one to two years as compared to those had less than one year of treatment (aOR = 0.45; 95%CI = 0.22-0.93).ConclusionAdherence to PMTCT option B+ antiretroviral drugs treatment among pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers was low and much lower among urban residents. Adherence was significantly predicted by rural residence, male partner support and short duration on ART. Efforts to improve adherence should focus on increasing male participation on PMTCT, tailored interventions to urban residents and those who have been on ART for a long duration.
| S-EPMC6386496 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As Asians are underrepresented across many omics databases limiting the potential of precision medicine of the global population. It is thus important for multi-omics derived quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to fill the knowledge gap of complex traits in the Asian ancestry. Integrating omics data from genomics and epigenomics (including DNA methylation and RNA-seq from blood), we developed iMOMdb, an open-acesss database to enhance disease prediction models and precision medicine outcomes in Asian pregnant women.
2022-10-04 | GSE182409 | GEO
Project description:In addition to increasing access to fresh and affordable produce, home gardening enhances food security. This notwithstanding, there is no evidence of studies that have investigated factors correlated with home gardening in Gauteng Province (GP), South Africa. The present study investigated home gardening across the GP. Retrospective data of residents of GP (n = 30002) collected by the Gauteng City Region Observatory were used. A binary logistic regression was employed to determine factors correlated with home gardening. Overall participation in home gardening was low (12.37%). If a respondent was a resident of the poorest areas, resided in a house received under the Rural Development Programme, had a borehole/well as the main source of water, belonged to a social club, received a social grant, was >65 years, and rated his/her health as poor, then they were more likely to participate in home gardening. Factors that were negatively correlated with home gardening included if the respondent rented from private individuals and if the respondent's health status prevented him/her from doing daily work. The low participation levels in home gardening observed suggest the failure of the current policies geared at fostering home gardening in the province. Policy makers and relevant authorities should target identified groups to improve participation in home gardening.
| S-EPMC7967462 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The microbiota of breast milk from Chinese lactating mothers at different stages of lactation was examined in the framework of a Maternal Infant Nutrition Growth (MING) study investigating the dietary habits and breast milk composition in Chinese urban mothers. We used microbiota profiling based on the sequencing of fragments of 16S rRNA gene and specific qPCR for bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total bacteria to study microbiota of the entire breast milk collected using standard protocol without aseptic cleansing (n = 60), and the microbiota of the milk collected aseptically (n = 30). We have also investigated the impact of the delivery mode and the stage of lactation on the microbiota composition. The microbiota of breast milk was dominated by streptococci and staphylococci for both collection protocols and, in the case of standard collection protocol, Acinetobacter sp. While the predominance of streptococci and staphylococci was consistently reported previously for other populations, the abundance of Acinetobacter sp. was reported only once before in a study where milk collection was done without aseptic cleansing of the breast and rejection of foremilk. Higher bacterial counts were found in the milk collected using standard protocol. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were present in few samples with low abundance. We observed no effect of the stage of lactation or the delivery mode on microbiota composition. Methodological and geographical differences likely explain the variability in microbiota composition reported to date.
| S-EPMC4987007 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnaemia during pregnancy is a major nutritional problem that can cause preterm delivery and low birth weight. Adherence to iron supplementation can prevent anaemia during pregnancy. However, adherence to iron supplementation remains a problem in many countries.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the correlations of the perceived benefits and perceived barriers of and family support for iron supplementation with adherence to this practice amongst pregnant woman in Surabaya, Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out on 102 pregnant women who attended check-ups at the Puskesmas and received iron supplementation. Data were collected using questionnaires.ResultsPerceived benefits (r = 0.334, P = 0.001), perceived barriers (r = -0.294, P = 0.003) and family support (r = 0.263, P = 0.008) were noted to be correlated with adherence to iron supplementation amongst pregnant woman in Surabaya, Indonesia.ConclusionPerceived benefits, perceived barriers and family support are related to adherence to iron supplementation; thus, developing good perceptions and family support should be properly promoted.
| S-EPMC6626239 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human exposure to phthalate esters (PAEs) via drinking water has generated public health concerns due to their endocrine disruptive abilities. This study reports on the occurrence and fate of six PAEs in raw and tap water samples collected from provincial waterworks located in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand. In addition, the daily exposure and cumulative health risk of susceptible populations due to drinking tap water were evaluated by using four different reference dose (RfDs) sources. The maximum concentrations of PAEs in raw water were between 1.68 and 4.84 and 0.52 and 1.24 µg/L in tap water. Moreover, the levels of PAEs in the tap water samples indicated the poor PAEs removal efficiency of the conventional treatment process (59.9-69.1%). The contribution of water to the daily intake of PAEs did not exceed 0.37% in all the groups. Furthermore, both the individual and cumulative risk assessment showed negligible noncarcinogenic and antiandrogenic risk for all the groups. Nevertheless, the cumulative risk showed an increasing trend in the order of infants > lactating mothers > pregnant women > nonpregnant women, suggesting that infants are more vulnerable. In additional, the newly proposed RfDAA yielded higher hazard quotient and hazard index estimates, which indicates it is a more sensitive tool than other RfDs for the assessment of the individual and mixture risk of pollutants. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP was acceptable in every group. However, we recommend a future cumulative risk assessment of vulnerable groups considering their simultaneous exposure to all chemicals that have antiandrogenic effects via tap water.
| S-EPMC8871872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesAfter South Africa's second wave of COVID-19, this study estimated the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey, 500 non-COVID-19-vaccinated pregnant women (aged ≥12 years) were enrolled, and demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum samples were tested using the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 spike Ab ELISA and Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assays. Seropositivity was defined as SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on either (primary) or both (secondary) assays. Univariate Poisson regression assessed risk factors associated with seropositivity.ResultsMedian age was 27.4 years and HIV prevalence 26.7%. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 64.0% (95% CI:59.6%-68.2%) on the primary and 54% (95%CI:49.5-58.4) on the secondary measure. Most (96.6%) SARS-CoV-2-seropositive women reported no symptoms. On the Roche assay, we detected lower seroprevalence among women living with HIV (WLHIV) compared to HIV uninfected women (48.9% vs 61.7%, p=0.018), and especially low levels among WLHIV with a CD4<350 cells/ml compared to women without immune suppression (22.2% vs 56.4%, prevalence rate ratio=0.4; 95%CI:0.2-0.9; p=0.046).ConclusionsPregnant women attending routine antenatal care had a high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence after the 2nd wave in South Africa, with most having had asymptomatic infections. Seroprevalence surveys in pregnant women present a feasible method of monitoring the course of the pandemic over time.
| S-EPMC9637015 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Previous studies have shown that the circulating miRNA signatures are altered in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles of individuals with type 1 diabetes. These alterations in the miRNA profile could serve as a potential biomarker applicable in clinical practice for monitoring disease status in lactating mothers with type 1 diabetes during the postpartum period. In the present study, we investigate the profiles of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs in circulation in a cohort of lactating mothers with and without type 1 diabetes.
2021-09-23 | E-MTAB-10458 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is the major mode of transmission in HBV-endemic areas, including China, where little is known about pregnant women's knowledge of and attitudes towards HBV infection and MTCT.MethodsA cross-sectional survey, conducted in pregnant women in Guangdong Province, China, measured HBV knowledge and attitudes using a questionnaire, at one tertiary and two rural hospitals.ResultsThe total response rate was 94.5% (737/780). Of the 11 knowledge questions, the mean score was 6.73 ± 3.04 (mean ± SD). Most pertinent to preventing MTCT, 53.3% of the respondents did not know that HBV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse and nearly 20% did not know that HBV can be transmitted from mother to infant. The results of the four attitude questions was better with 83% and 85% being willing to be screened for HBV and let their baby receive HBV vaccine and HBIg, respectively. However, only 16.5% of respondents agreed that they would be willing to take drugs that are known not to harm the fetus to prevent MTCT of HBV. In multivariable analysis, higher education level was associated with better knowledge and attitude scores.ConclusionsKnowledge about HBV among pregnant women was poor and needs to be improved to prevent MTCT of HBV. Health education needs to be directed towards pregnant mothers, particularly less educated mothers, in high HBV endemicity settings.
| S-EPMC5456270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Among mammals, individuals form strong social bonds preferentially with their kin. Differences in these relationships are linked to differential kin availability due to sex-specific dispersal patterns, but there is some indication that differential bonding among sexes already occurs prior to maturation. However, little is known about how these patterns arise during individual development. Here we investigated sex differences in the development of mother-offspring bonds in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Our results revealed that mothers showed sex-biased bonding toward their offspring. Sons had a distinctly higher probability of receiving aggression from their mothers than did daughters in the first year of life, while no differences were found with respect to affiliative interactions. After the first year, probabilities of all affiliative and aggressive behaviours investigated were higher for daughters than for sons, although generally declining. Furthermore, sons spending less time with their mother and receiving more maternal aggression tended to disperse earlier. The results of our study suggest that mothers influence their bonding strength with offspring by interacting less affiliative with sons than daughters.
| S-EPMC4871456 | biostudies-literature