Robotic-assisted repair of aortic valve leaflet prolapse by cusp plication and annuloplasty.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wei LM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10580170 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Robotic-assisted repair of aortic valve leaflet prolapse by cusp plication and annuloplasty.
Wei Lawrence M LM Darehzereshki Ali A Comas George M GM Mehaffey J Hunter JH Rankin J Scott JS Badhwar Vinay V
JTCVS techniques 20230803
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Project description:ObjectivesIsolated right coronary leaflet prolapse is a common cause of nonaneurysmal aortic insufficiency, but can rarely occur in patients with proximal aortic aneurysms. Standardized techniques for routine autologous repair of this disorder are presented.MethodsMost aortic valve leaflet prolapse is isolated to the right coronary leaflet, with hypertension and annular dilatation being contributory. Echocardiographically, a posteriorly eccentric aortic insufficiency jet together with "fracture" of the right leaflet tip are diagnostic. Primary repair includes internal geometric ring annuloplasty to downsize and reshape the annulus, together with central plication of the prolapsing leaflet. Thickened, scarred, or retracted noduli are released using an ultrasonic aspirator. The goal is to achieve equivalent coaptation heights of ≥8 mm for all 3 leaflets.ResultsThree videos of 6 cases are provided to illustrate these techniques. In the first, 3 patients are shown with classic isolated right leaflet prolapse. In the second and third videos, alternative pathologies are presented for contrast. Applying the reconstructive approaches of geometric ring annuloplasty, leaflet plication, and ultrasonic nodular release, excellent early and late repair outcomes are obtainable in most patients.ConclusionsThe combination of aortic ring annuloplasty, central leaflet plication, and ultrasonic nodular release allows routine and standardized repair of right coronary leaflet prolapse, either isolated or concomitant with aneurysm surgery.
| S-EPMC9196763 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveRecently, there has been increased interest in minimally invasive mitral valve prolapse repair techniques; however, these techniques have limitations. A new technique was developed for treating mitral valve prolapse that uses a novel leaflet plication clip to selectively plicate the prolapsed leaflet segment. The clip's efficacy was tested in an animal model.MethodsYorkshire pigs (n = 7) were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and mitral valve prolapse was created by cutting chordae supporting the P2 segment of the posterior leaflet. Animals were weaned off CPB and mitral regurgitation (MR) was assessed echocardiographically. CPB was reinitiated and the plication clip was applied under direct vision to the P2 segment to eliminate the prolapse. The animals survived for 2 hours. Epicardial echocardiography was obtained before and after prolapse creation and 2 hours after clip placement to quantify MR grade and vena contracta area. Posterior leaflet mobility and coaptation height were analyzed before and after clip placement.ResultsThere were no cases of clip embolization. Median MR grade increased from trivial (0-1.5) to moderate-severe after MR creation (2.5-4+) (P < .05), and decreased to mild after clip placement (0-3+) (P < .05). Vena contracta area tended to increase after cutting the chordae and decrease after clip placement: 0.08 ± 0.10 cm(2) versus 0.21 ± 0.15 cm(2) versus 0.16 ± 0.16 cm(2) (P = .21). The plication clip did not impair leaflet mobility. Coaptation height was restored to baseline: 0.51 ± 0.07 cm versus 0.44 ± 0.18 cm (P = 1.0).ConclusionsThe leaflet plication clip can treat mitral valve prolapse in an animal model, restoring coaptation height without affecting leaflet mobility. This approach is a simple technique that may improve the effectiveness of beating-heart and minimally invasive valve surgery.
| S-EPMC3947119 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11518892 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10750834 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveMitral valve reconstruction in the pediatric population is a challenge due to the frequent combination of annular dilatation and leaflet restriction and the need for growth. We present a novel strategy using leaflet expansion and subpartial annuloplasty with polytetrafluoroethylene reinforcement.MethodsFrom January 2014 through May 2021, 11 children aged 5 months to 14 years (median, 24 months) underwent elective mitral valve repair due to severe mitral valve regurgitation. The mitral valve abnormalities included congenital malformations (n = 7), postoperative leakage following commissurotomy (n = 1), and functional mitral valve regurgitation due to dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 3). Surgery consisted of leaflet expansions with autologous, untreated pericardium and subpartial annuloplasty with polytetrafluoroethylene reinforcement.ResultsAll children survived their surgeries with uneventful postoperative courses, except for 1 patient who needed an early reoperation to resolve a functional stenosis due to a spinnaker phenomenon. At discharge, mean gradient was 3.5 ± 3.9 mm Hg, with trivial mitral regurgitation in 9 patients (82%). All patients were alive and asymptomatic during the median follow-up of 3 years (range, 1-7 years). Their echocardiographic data showed a mean transmitral gradient of 4.4 ± 1.7 mm Hg and remained unchanged. Residual mitral valve regurgitation was trivial or mild in 9 patients (82%) and moderate in 2 patients (18%).ConclusionsLeaflet expansion with autologous pericardium and subpartial annuloplasty with polytetrafluoroethylene reinforcement for mitral regurgitation in the pediatric population gives stable and satisfactory results both early and at intermediate follow-up, permitting growth of the mitral valve.
| S-EPMC10859564 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9579728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo characterize the early outcomes of robotic mitral valve (MV) repair using standard open techniques.Patients and methodsWe prospectively studied 100 patients with severe mitral regurgitation due to leaflet prolapse who underwent robot-assisted MV repair using conventional open-repair techniques between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009, at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 53.9 years; 77 patients (77%) were male. Fifty-nine patients (59%) had posterior leaflet prolapse, 38 (38%) had bileaflet disease, and 3 (3%) had isolated anterior leaflet prolapse. Median cross-clamp and bypass times decreased significantly during the course of the study (P<.001). Median postoperative ventilation time was 0 hours for the last 25 patients, with most patients extubated in the operating room. No deaths occurred. Reexploration for postoperative bleeding occurred in 1 patient (1%); 3 patients (3%) required percutaneous coronary intervention. Median hospital stay was 3 days. One patient (1%) underwent mitral reoperation for annuloplasty band dehiscence. Residual regurgitation was mild or less in all patients at dismissal and 1 month postoperatively. Significant reverse remodeling occurred by 1 month, including decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (-7.2 mm; P<.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (-61.0 mL;P<.001).ConclusionRobot-assisted MV repair using proven, conventional open-repair techniques is reproducible and safe and hastens recovery for all categories of leaflet prolapse. One month after surgery, significant regression in left ventricular size and volume is evident.
| S-EPMC3258002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tricuspid valve regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Its most common treatment option, tricuspid valve annuloplasty, is not optimally effective in the long-term. Toward identifying the causes for annuloplasty's ineffectiveness, we have previously investigated the technique's impact on the tricuspid annulus and the right ventricular epicardium. In our current work, we are extending our analysis to the anterior tricuspid valve leaflet. To this end, we adopted our previous strategy of performing DeVega suture annuloplasty as an experimental methodology that allows us to externally control the degree of cinching during annuloplasty. Thus, in ten sheep we successively cinched the annulus and quantified changes to leaflet motion, dynamics, and strain in the beating heart by combining sonomicrometry with our well-established mechanical framework. We found that successive cinching of the valve enforced earlier coaptation and thus reduced leaflet range of motion. Additionally, leaflet angular velocity during opening and closing decreased. Finally, we found that leaflet strains were also reduced. Specifically, radial and areal strains decreased as a function of annular cinching. Our findings are critical as they suggest that suture annuloplasty alters the mechanics of the tricuspid valve leaflets which may disrupt their resident cells' mechanobiological equilibrium. Long-term, such disruption may stimulate tissue maladaptation which could contribute to annuloplasty's sub-optimal effectiveness. Additionally, our data suggest that the extent to which annuloplasty alters leaflet mechanics can be controlled via degree of cinching. Hence, our data may provide direct surgical guidelines.
| S-EPMC8000450 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveDuring aortic valve reimplantation, cusp repair may be needed to produce a competent valve. We investigated whether the need for aortic valve cusp repair affects aortic valve reimplantation durability.MethodsPatients with tricuspid aortic valves who underwent aortic valve reimplantation from January 2002 to January 2020 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity matching was used to compare outcomes between patients who did and did not require aortic valve cusp repair.ResultsCusp repair was performed in 181 of 756 patients (24%). Patients who required cusp repair were more often male, were older, had more aortic valve regurgitation, and less often had connective tissue disease. Patients who underwent cusp repair had longer aortic clamp time (124 ± 43 minutes vs 107 ± 36 minutes, P = .001). In-hospital outcomes were similar between groups and with no operative deaths. A total of 98.3% of patients with cusp repair and 99.3% of patients without cusp repair had mild or less aortic regurgitation at discharge. The median follow-up was 3.9 and 3.2 years for the cusp repair and no cusp repair groups, respectively. At 10 years, estimated prevalence of moderate or more aortic regurgitation was 12% for patients with cusp repair and 7.0% for patients without cusp repair (P = .30). Mean aortic valve gradients were 6.2 mm Hg and 8.0 mm Hg, respectively (P = .01). Ten-year freedom from reoperation was 99% versus 99% (P = .64) in the matched cohort and 97% versus 97%, respectively (P = .30), in the unmatched cohort. Survival at 10 years was 98% after cusp repair and 93% without cusp repair (P = .05).ConclusionsAortic valve reimplantation for patients with tricuspid aortic valves has excellent long-term results. Need for aortic valve cusp repair does not affect long-term outcomes and should not deter surgeons from performing valve-sparing surgery.
| S-EPMC10774985 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10750878 | biostudies-literature