Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Importance
Pilot studies that involved early imaging of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) using positron emission tomography (PET) indicated high levels of TSPO in the brains of active or former National Football League (NFL) players. If validated further in larger studies, those findings may have implications for athletes involved in collision sport.Objective
To test for higher TSPO that marks brain injury and repair in a relatively large, unique cohort of former NFL players compared with former elite, noncollision sport athletes.Design, setting, and participants
This cross-sectional study used carbon 11-labeled N,N-diethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-acetamide positron emission tomography ([11C]DPA-713 PET) data from former NFL players within 12 years of last participation in the NFL and elite noncollision sport athletes from across the US. Participants were enrolled between April 2018 and February 2023.Main outcomes and measures
Regional [11C]DPA-713 total distribution volume from [11C]DPA-713 PET that is a measure of regional brain TSPO; regional brain volumes on magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychological performance, including attention, executive function, and memory domains.Results
This study included 27 former NFL players and 27 former elite, noncollision sport athletes. Regional TSPO levels were higher in former NFL players compared with former elite, noncollision sport athletes (unstandardized β coefficient, 1.08; SE, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.52; P < .001). The magnitude of the group difference depended on region, with largest group differences in TSPO in cingulate and frontal cortices as well as hippocampus. Compared with noncollision sport athletes, former NFL players performed worse in learning (mean difference [MD], -0.70; 95% CI, -1.14 to -0.25; P = .003) and memory (MD, -0.77; 95% CI, -1.24 to -0.30; P = .002), with no correlation between total gray matter TSPO and these cognitive domains.Conclusions and relevance
In this cross-sectional study using [11C]DPA-713 PET, higher brain TSPO was found in former NFL players compared with noncollision sport athletes. This finding is consistent with neuroimmune activation even after cessation of NFL play. Future longitudinal [11C]DPA-713 PET and neuropsychological testing promises to inform whether neuroimmune-modulating therapy may be warranted.
SUBMITTER: Rubin LH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10616723 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Rubin Leah H LH Du Yong Y Sweeney Shannon Eileen SE O'Toole Riley R Thomas Cykyra L CL Zandi Adeline G AG Shinehouse Laura K LK Brosnan Mary Katherine MK Nam Hwanhee H Burke Michael E ME Bureau Samantha C SC Kilgore Jessica J JJ Yoon Mark M Soule Ana R AR Lesniak Wojciech G WG Minn Il I Rowe Steven P SP Holt Daniel P DP Hall Andrew W AW Mathews William B WB Smith Gwenn S GS Nowinski Christopher J CJ Kassiou Michael M Dannals Robert F RF Pomper Martin G MG Coughlin Jennifer M JM
JAMA network open 20231002 10
<h4>Importance</h4>Pilot studies that involved early imaging of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) using positron emission tomography (PET) indicated high levels of TSPO in the brains of active or former National Football League (NFL) players. If validated further in larger studies, those findings may have implications for athletes involved in collision sport.<h4>Objective</h4>To test for higher TSPO that marks brain injury and repair in a relatively large, unique cohort of former NFL player ...[more]