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Impact of sex and age on vaccine-related side effects and their progression after booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

ABSTRACT: In mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, side effects after the first and second dose have been well reported. However, studies about side effects after booster vaccine are sparse. 272 healthcare workers who received the third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were recruited, and impact of sex, age, and symptoms on the side effect progression was statistically analyzed. Females and younger adults had a higher frequencies of general fatigue, headache, joint pain, chills and axillary pain compared to males and elderly adults, respectively. In longitudinal analysis, prolonged time to recovery from side effects was found among females and younger adults. Finally, between the third and second dose vaccinations, 52% of subjects had a longer duration of side effects following the third vaccine compared to the second, and joint pain was the culprit symptom related to the prolonged duration of side effects. Following the second vaccine dose, 25% of subjects had a longer duration of side effects and asthma and ear fullness, which exacerbated the underlying allergic condition, and COVID arm symptom were the culprit symptoms. These highlight the impact of sex, age, and culprit symptoms on the progress of side effects following the booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

SUBMITTER: Mori M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10630308 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of sex and age on vaccine-related side effects and their progression after booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Mori Masahiko M Yokoyama Aiko A Shichida Ayami A Sasuga Kimiko K Maekawa Takafumi T Moriyama Tadayoshi T

Scientific reports 20231107 1

In mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, side effects after the first and second dose have been well reported. However, studies about side effects after booster vaccine are sparse. 272 healthcare workers who received the third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were recruited, and impact of sex, age, and symptoms on the side effect progression was statistically analyzed. Females and younger adults had a higher frequencies of general fatigue, headache, joint pain, chills and axillary pain compared to males and elderly a ...[more]

PMID: 37935801

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Project description:BackgroundImmune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have not been well characterized in frail older adults. We postulated that frailty is associated with impaired antibody and cellular mRNA vaccine responses.MethodsWe followed older adults in a retirement facility with longitudinal clinical and serological samples from the first Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine dose starting in February 2021 through their 3rd (booster) vaccine dose. Outcomes were antibody titers, antibody avidity, and AIM+ T cell function and phenotype. Statistical analysis used antibody titers in linear mixed-effects linear regression with clinical predictors including, age, sex, prior infection status, and clinical frailty scale (CFS) score. T cell function analysis used clinical predictors and cellular phenotype variables in linear regression models.ResultsParticipants (n=15) had median age of 90 years and mild, moderate, or severe frailty scores (n=3, 7, or 5 respectively). After 2 vaccine doses, anti-spike antibody titers were higher in 5-fold higher in individuals with mild frailty compared to severe frailty and 9-fold higher in individuals with prior COVID-19 infection compared to uninfected (p=0.02 and p<0.001). Following the booster, titers improved regardless of COVID-19 infection or frailty. Antibody avidity significantly declined following 2 vaccine doses regardless of frailty status, but reached maximal avidity after the booster. Spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses were modulated by frailty and terminally differentiated effector memory TEMRA cells, and spike-specific TFH cell responses were inversely correlated with age. Additionally, an immune-senescent memory T cell phenotype was correlated with frailty and functional decline.ConclusionsWe described the separate influences of frailty and age on adaptive immune responses to the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Though overall antibody responses were robust, higher frailty diminished initial antibody quantity, and all older adults had impaired antibody avidity. Following the booster, antibody responses improved, overcoming the effects of age and frailty. CD4+ T cell responses were independently impacted by age, frailty, and burden of immune-senescence. Frailty was correlated with increased burden of immune-senescence, suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism for physiological decline.

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Impact of sex and age on vaccine-related side effects and their progression after booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Publications

Impact of sex and age on vaccine-related side effects and their progression after booster mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

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