Exodus of Lebanese doctors in times of crisis: a qualitative study
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nemr E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10643131 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background/Objective: The changes to medical studies that became necessary as part of the Corona pandemic have also forced considerable adjustments in Neurology. Classroom teaching had to be converted almost entirely to digital formats within a short period of time. The present study provides an overview of the respective changes and associated complications as well as opportunities in teaching Neurology. Methodology: Lecturers in Neurology at all University hospitals in Germany were asked about their approach and the individual changes in their curriculum. Of a total of 39 locations, 23 answered the online questionnaire (see attachment 1). Results: While frontal teaching and lectures could be carried out digitally without any problems, difficulties arose especially in learning physical examination and bedside teaching. Most of the participants stated that they had not found satisfactory e-learning formats to replace teaching at the patients bed. Conclusion: The ad hoc changes in teaching Neurology resulted in significant additional effort for the part of lecturers, but were generally well accepted by students. The Corona pandemic thus ultimately offers an opportunity to enrich teaching in Neurology.
| S-EPMC7740022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNigeria faces a critical shortage of healthcare professionals yet experiences a significant annual exodus of doctors and dentists. This alarming trend threatens the country's ability to provide equitable healthcare.ObjectiveThis study investigated the patterns and determinants of migration among doctors and dentists who graduated from the University of Benin, Nigeria, 15 years ago.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that tracked 274 of the 379 (72.3%) eligible cohort. We computed the migration incidence rate per person-year from 2008 to 2023, covering 3,455 person-years of follow-up and analysed migration drivers as push and pull factors across macro-, meso-, and micro-levels.ResultsFifteen years post-graduation, 48.9% (134/274) of the cohort had migrated. While the annual incidence rate of migration remained stable for the first 8 years, it spiked after 2016, reaching 11.4 per 100 person-years in 2023. Among those who migrated, the majority (96.3%, 129/134) relocated outside the African continent. The top three destination countries were the UK (48.5%, 65/134), Canada (20.9%, 28/134), and the USA (19.4%, 26/134). The leading push factors were insecurity of lives and property (57.8%), concerns about children's futures (50.3%), and limited career development opportunities (45.9%). The primary pull factors included security (56.3%), permanent residency (49.6%), and better pay in the destination country (46.7%). Significant predictors of migration included younger age, timing of marriage, and residency training status.ConclusionsTo avert an impending crisis, the Nigerian government must address the root causes driving the increasing migration of doctors and dentists.
| S-EPMC11610232 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In a large-scale pre-registered survey experiment with a representative sample of more than 8000 Americans, we examine how a reminder of the COVID-19 pandemic causally affects people's views on solidarity and fairness. We randomly manipulate whether respondents are asked general questions about the crisis before answering moral questions. By making the pandemic particularly salient for treated respondents, we provide causal evidence on how the crisis may change moral views. We find that a reminder about the crisis makes respondents more willing to prioritize society's problems over their own problems, but also more tolerant of inequalities due to luck. We show that people's moral views are strongly associated with their policy preferences for redistribution. The findings show that the pandemic may alter moral views and political attitudes in the United States and, consequently, the support for redistribution and welfare policies.
| S-EPMC9754792 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The surprising social phenomena of the Arab Spring and the Occupy Wall Street movement posit the question of whether the active role of committed groups may produce political changes of significant importance. Under what conditions are the convictions of a minority going to dominate the future direction of a society? We address this question with the help of a Cooperative Decision Making model (CDMM) which has been shown to generate consensus through a phase-transition process. We observe that in a system of a finite size the global consensus state is not permanent and times of crisis occur when there is an ambiguity concerning a given social issue. The correlation function within the cooperative system becomes similarly extended as it is observed at criticality. This combination of independence (free will) and long-range correlation makes it possible for very small but committed minorities to produce substantial changes in social consensus.
| S-EPMC3586704 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThere is a lack of research studies on physician empathy levels towards patients, which is a critical component of providing high-quality patient-care and satisfaction. Our study aimed at assessing the physician-reported empathy levels towards patients during a crisis like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsCross-sectional online-based survey was conducted among 409 practicing doctors from varied healthcare levels during the pandemic. We used a validated Jefferson Physician's Empathy (JPE) - Health Professional (HP) version questionnaire. Empathy score was expressed as a median and interquartile range, and the analysis was done in STATA 12.1 (StataCorp LP, Texas, USA).ResultsAmong the survey respondents, 55% were between 26-35 years, 56% were from the government health sector, and 57% were male doctors. Overall physicians' empathy score was 100 (89, 113). The empathy score among physicians engaged in OPD duty was significantly higher (p = 0.022). A total of 70.0% of physicians consulting more than 50 patients/day reported a score ≤105 (p = 0.035). Physicians aged more than 40 years (AOR = 2.545, 95% CI = 1.1133, 5.8184) and those working in government healthcare centers (AOR = 2.711, 95% CI = 1.1372, 6.4616) were about three times more likely to have a score >105 compared to younger physicians (p = 0.027) and private practitioners (p = 0.024).ConclusionPhysician-reported empathy scores during the COVID pandemic were high. Middle-aged physicians involved in OPD consultation and those working in government healthcare recorded good scores. However, reporting lower empathy scores when the patient load increases highlights the need for administrative and medical education interventions.
| S-EPMC9529356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic causes museums to seek financial aid from corporate sponsors. However, corporate sponsorship may have negative consequences for museums in terms of their authenticity. In this study, we therefore examine whether the extraordinary circumstances caused by the COVID-19 crisis change tourists' perceptions of corporate sponsorship. Indeed, we find that tourists react more positively to corporate sponsorship if the health crisis is salient. Moreover, we show that corporate sponsorship by multiple smaller- and medium-sized companies generates more positive outcomes for museums than the effort of a single large company, in terms of perceived authenticity loss, visiting intentions, and willingness to pay.
| S-EPMC7526523 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article examines the trends and differences in predictors of public support for European Union (EU) fiscal solidarity using two individual surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020, before and during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, in six Western European countries. We focus on individual self-interest and European/national identification as the two major determinants of public preference formation. Empirical analyses show that, while the average level of public support for European fiscal solidarity did not change from 2019 to 2020, the negative associations between exclusive national identification and economic vulnerability, on the one hand, and EU fiscal solidarity on the other were weakened. Among both, the identitarian source retained substantive (although reduced) relevance in 2020, while utility did not. Country-level analyses reveal a more complex picture, but the overall pattern holds across the member states included in our sample. We argue that the reduced explanatory power of these typical heuristics that individuals use to shape their attitudes towards European solidarity is connected to the nature of the pandemic as an exogenous ‘common crisis’, affecting all member states in a supposedly symmetric manner, at least in the first phase, and inducing interdependencies among them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41295-023-00332-w.
| S-EPMC9902254 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore medical interns' experiences of medical internships.MethodsSituated in an interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative study was carried out to explore medical interns' experiences of the internship. Invitations to participate were sent via email to medical interns currently in their last six months of internship. The first ones to respond were included. The study sample comprised twelve participants, of whom seven were women. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with volunteering medical interns from three different hospital sites. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed through qualitative content analysis, generating overarching themes.ResultsFour main themes were identified in our data. The interns felt increasingly comfortable as doctors ('finding one's feet') by taking responsibility for patients while receiving necessary help and assistance ('a doctor with support'). Although appreciative of getting an overview of the healthcare organisation ('healthcare sightseeing'), interns were exhausted by repeatedly changing workplaces and felt stuck in a rigid framework ('stuck at the zoo').ConclusionsIn contrast to previous studies, this study shows that the transition from medical school to clinical work as a professional does not necessarily have to be characterised by stress and mental exhaustion but can, with extensive support, provide a fruitful opportunity for medical interns to grow into their roles as doctors. However, there is still unutilised potential for the medical internship to act as a powerful catalyser for learning, which educators and programme directors need to consider.
| S-EPMC9017508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo understand how doctors reflect on when and why they seek help from an organised peer-support service.DesignData were collected through audiotaped, qualitative, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed with systematic text condensation.SettingA peer-support service accessible to all doctors in Norway.ParticipantsThirteen doctors were interviewed after attending a counselling service in fall 2018. They were selected to represent variation in gender, demographics, and medical specialty. Doctors were excluded if the interview could not be held within 10 days after they had accessed peer support.ResultsThe doctors' perspectives and experiences of when and why they seek support and their expectations of the help they would receive are presented, and barriers to and facilitators of seeking support are discussed. Three categories of help-seeking behaviour were identified: (1) 'Concerned-looking for advice' describing help seeking in a strenuous situation with need for guidance; (2) 'Fear of not coping any longer' describing help seeking when struggling due to unreasonable stress and/or conflict in their lives; and (3) 'Looking for a way back or out' describing help seeking when out of work. Expectations to the help they would receive varied widely. Motivations for seeking help had more to do with factors enabling or restricting help-seeking than with the severity of symptoms.ConclusionsMany different situations lead doctors to seek peer support, and they have various expectations of the service as well as diverse needs, motivations and constraints to seeking peer support. Further research is warranted to investigate the impact of peer support and how to tailor the service to best suit doctors' specific needs.
| S-EPMC8532555 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1488740 | biostudies-literature