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A Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 variant contributes to anatomical variations in mice.


ABSTRACT: Changes in genomic structures underlie phenotypic diversification in organisms. Amino acid-changing mutations affect pleiotropic functions of proteins, although little is known about how mutated proteins are adapted in existing developmental programs. Here we investigate the biological effects of a variant of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3R1537C) carried in Neanderthals and Denisovans, which are extinct hominins close to modern humans. R1537C does not compromise protein stability or GLI3 activator-dependent transcriptional activities. In contrast, R1537C affects the regulation of downstream target genes associated with developmental processes. Furthermore, genome-edited mice carrying the Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 mutation exhibited various alterations in skeletal morphology. Our data suggest that an extinct hominin-type GLI3 contributes to species-specific anatomical variations, which were tolerated by relaxed constraint in developmental programs during human evolution.

SUBMITTER: Agata A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10651735 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 variant contributes to anatomical variations in mice.

Agata Ako A   Ohtsuka Satoshi S   Noji Ryota R   Gotoh Hitoshi H   Ono Katsuhiko K   Nomura Tadashi T  

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 20231102


Changes in genomic structures underlie phenotypic diversification in organisms. Amino acid-changing mutations affect pleiotropic functions of proteins, although little is known about how mutated proteins are adapted in existing developmental programs. Here we investigate the biological effects of a variant of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3<sup>R1537C</sup>) carried in Neanderthals and Denisovans, which are extinct hominins close to modern humans. R1537C does not compromise protein stability  ...[more]

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2019-09-05 | GSE96833 | GEO