Metabolic adjustments in neonatal dwarf and normal-sized goat kids: Relationship between serum metabolites and body size
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Habibu B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10653417 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundWeaning of goat kids immediately after birth and feeding them on bovine or heat-treated caprine colostrum, referred to as snatching, is considered an effective control measure in some infectious diseases. The study was carried out in one-week-old goat kids to gain insight into the profile of lipid metabolites and to investigate the influence of snatching on kids' metabolism. Fifty-two goat kids born to 23 female goats were included in the study - 22 kids were weaned immediately after birth and kept isolated from their mothers; 30 remaining kids were left with their mothers for next 3?weeks so that they could nurse on dams' milk at will. Blood was collected at the age of 1?week and serum was obtained by centrifugation. The concentration of lipid metabolites was determined with mass spectrometry using a commercial MxP® Quant 500 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria).ResultsConcentration of 240 lipid metabolites belonging to 10 lipid classes was above the limit of detection of the assay. These lipid metabolites were quantified and included in the analysis. Concentration of 2 lipid classes (acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines and ceramides) and 31 lipid metabolites (14 triacylglycerols, 5 acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines, 2 diacylphosphatidylcholines, 1?lyso-phosphatidylcholine, 5 ceramides, 2 sphingomyelins, and 2 cholesterol esters) differed significantly between the two groups of kids.ConclusionSnatching of kids results in reduction of serum concentration of lipid metabolites, however, the magnitude of this phenomenon does not seem to be sufficient to negatively affect kids' health condition. This study is the first in which the broad set of lipid metabolites of young ruminants was quantified using the novel metabolomic assay MxP® Quant 500 kit.
| S-EPMC7507259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The risk of classical scrapie transmission in small ruminants is highest during the neonatal period with the placenta recognized as a significant source of infection. Milk has also been identified as a source of scrapie with sheep-to-sheep transmission occurring after neonatal consumption of as little as 1-2 liters of milk; concurrent mastitis due to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection may be associated with increased scrapie transmission via milk in sheep. In contrast, goat-to-sheep transmission has been documented only after prolonged consumption of >30 liters of milk. The goal of the current study was to assess transmission of scrapie to goat kids and lambs following low volume, short duration consumption of milk from infected goats. Milk from two does (female goats) with pre-clinical scrapie was fed to four goat kids (≤4.5 L each) and four lambs (~3.7 L each) beginning ~24 hours after birth. Scrapie transmission was detected in three sheep as early as 18 months post inoculation; transmission was also detected in two goats but not until postmortem analyses at 33 months post inoculation. Each milk donor goat also had naturally-acquired infection with SRLV. Different degrees of lymphohistiocytic inflammation and PrPSc accumulation were observed in mammary gland tissues of the donors, which appeared to associate with transmission of scrapie via milk. Thus, similar to the risks of milk transmission of scrapie from sheep, even limited exposure to milk from goats can pose significant risk for scrapie transmission to both goat kids and lambs.
| S-EPMC6147516 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The physiological role of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is incompletely understood. The expression of PrP(C) in hematopoietic stem cells and immune cells suggests a role in the development of these cells, and in PrP(C) knockout animals altered immune cell proliferation and phagocytic function have been observed. Recently, a spontaneous nonsense mutation at codon 32 in the PRNP gene in goats of the Norwegian Dairy breed was discovered, rendering homozygous animals devoid of PrP(C). Here we report hematological and immunological analyses of homozygous goat kids lacking PrP(C) (PRNP(Ter/Ter) ) compared to heterozygous (PRNP (+/Ter)) and normal (PRNP (+/+)) kids. Levels of cell surface PrP(C) and PRNP mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) correlated well and were very low in PRNP (Ter/Ter), intermediate in PRNP (+/Ter) and high in PRNP (+/+) kids. The PRNP (Ter/Ter) animals had a shift in blood cell composition with an elevated number of red blood cells (RBCs) and a tendency toward a smaller mean RBC volume (P = 0.08) and an increased number of neutrophils (P = 0.068), all values within the reference ranges. Morphological investigations of blood smears and bone marrow imprints did not reveal irregularities. Studies of relative composition of PBMCs, phagocytic ability of monocytes and T-cell proliferation revealed no significant differences between the genotypes. Our data suggest that PrP(C) has a role in bone marrow physiology and warrant further studies of PrP(C) in erythroid and immune cell progenitors as well as differentiated effector cells also under stressful conditions. Altogether, this genetically unmanipulated PrP(C)-free animal model represents a unique opportunity to unveil the enigmatic physiology and function of PrP(C).
| S-EPMC4495340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Low birth weight (LBW) impairs the development and health of livestock by affecting postnatal growth performance and metabolic health in adulthood. Previous studies on indigenous goats in southwest China showed that LBW goat kids had higher mortality and morbidity rates, including hepatic dyslipidemia and liver damage. However, the mechanism of insulin resistance affecting lipid metabolism under LBW conditions remains unclear. In this study, we conducted in vivo glucose-insulin metabolic studies, measured biochemical parameters, and analyzed related regulatory pathways. Both glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in LBW goat kids compared to controls (p < 0.05). The marker of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), was 2.85-fold higher in LBW than in control goats (p < 0.01). Additionally, elevated levels of free fatty acids in both plasma and skeletal muscle were observed in LBW goats compared to normal birth weight (NBW) goats (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in LBW goats. The observed lipid accumulation was associated with the upregulation of genes linked to fatty acid uptake and transport (FABP3), fatty acid oxidation (PPARA), triacylglycerol synthesis (LPIN1 and DGAT1), oxidative stress (ANKRD2), and insulin resistance (PGC1α). Furthermore, the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) was lower in the liver of LBW goat kids (p < 0.05). While there was no change in insulin function in skeletal muscle, LBW may lead to lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle by interfering with insulin function in the liver. These findings collectively impact the health and growth performance of livestock.
| S-EPMC11002208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To provide information on the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidial infections in domestic small ruminants and the potential role of sheep and goats as a source for human cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium-positive isolates from 137 diarrheic lambs and 17 goat kids younger than 21 days of age were examined by using genotyping and subtyping techniques. Fecal specimens were collected between 2004 and 2006 from 71 sheep and 7 goat farms distributed throughout Aragón (northeastern Spain). Cryptosporidium parvum was the only species identified by restriction analyses of PCR products from small-subunit rRNA genes from all 154 microscopy-positive isolates and the sequencing of a subset of 50 isolates. Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (GP60) gene revealed extensive genetic diversity within the C. parvum strains in a limited geographical area, in which the isolates from lambs exhibited 11 subtypes in two subtype families (IId and IIa) and those from goat kids displayed four subtypes within the family IId. Most isolates (98%) belonged to the subtype family IId, whereas only three isolates belonged to the most widely distributed family, IIa. Three of the four most prevalent subtypes (IIdA17G1a, IIdA19G1, and IIdA18G1) were previously identified in humans, and five subtypes (IIdA14G1, IIdA15G1, IIdA24G1, IIdA25G1, and IIdA26G1) were novel subtypes. All IId subtypes were identical to each other in the nonrepeat region, except for subtypes IIdA17G1b and IIdA22G1, which differed by a single nucleotide polymorphism downstream of the trinucleotide repeats. These findings suggest that lambs and goat kids are an important reservoir of the zoonotic C. parvum subtype family IId for humans.
| S-EPMC2565967 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLittle is known on the occurrence and identity of Cryptosporidium species in sheep and goats in Algeria. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in lambs and goat kids younger than 4 weeks.MethodsA total of 154 fecal samples (62 from lambs and 92 from kid goats) were collected from 13 sheep flocks in Médea, Algeria and 18 goat flocks across Algiers and Boumerdes. They were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested-PCR analysis of a fragment of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses to determine the Cryptosporidium species present. Cryptosporidium parvum and C. ubiquitum were further subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene.ResultsCryptosporidium spp. were detected in 17 fecal samples (11.0%): 9 from lambs (14.5%) and 8 from goat kids (8.7%). The species identified included C. parvum in 3 lambs, C. xiaoi in 6 lambs and 6 goat kids, and C. ubiquitum in 2 goat kids. Cryptosporidium infections were detected mostly in animals during the first two weeks of life (7/8 for goat kids and 7/9 for lambs) and in association with diarrhea occurrence (7/17 or 41.2% goat kids and 7/10 or 70.0% lambs with diarrhea were positive for Cryptosporidium spp.). Subtyping of C. parvum and C. ubiquitum isolates identified the zoonotic IIaA13G2R1 and XIIa subtype families, respectively. Minor differences in the SSU rRNA gene sequences were observed between C. xiaoi from sheep and goats.ConclusionsResults of this study indicate that three Cryptosporidium species occur in lambs and goat kids in Algeria, including zoonotic C. parvum and C. ubiquitum. They are associated with the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea.
| S-EPMC6219180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As a vital metabolic and immune organ in animals, the liver plays an important role in protein synthesis, detoxification, metabolism, and immune defense. The primary research purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of breast-feeding, weaning transition, and weaning on the gene expression profile in the goat kid liver and to elucidate the transcriptome-level signatures associated with liver metabolic adaptation. Therefore, transcriptome sequencing was performed on liver tissues, which was collected at 1 day (D1), 2 weeks (W2), 4 weeks (W4), 8 weeks (W8), and 12 weeks (W12) after birth in Laiwu black goats at five different time-points, with five goats at each time point. From 25 libraries, a total of 37497 mRNAs were found to be expressed in goat kid livers, and 1271 genes were differentially expressed between at least two of the five time points. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that these genes were annotated as an extracellular region fraction, exhibiting monooxygenase activity, positive regulation of T cell activation, mitotic spindle mid-region assembly, cytokinesis, cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis, regulation of cytokinesis, regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, and so on. In addition, it mainly deals with metabolism, endocrine, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and immune processes. Finally, a gene regulatory network was constructed, and a total of 14 key genes were screened, which were mainly enriched for cell growth and development, endocrine, immune, and signal transduction-related pathways. Our results provide new information on the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in liver development, metabolism, and immunity of goats.
| S-EPMC9141777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is well known that solid diet supplementation in early life can significantly promote rumen development and metabolic function in young ruminants. However, the changes in the expressed proteome and related metabolism in rumen epithelium in response to a supplemented solid diet remain unclear. In this study, rumen epithelial tissue from goats in three diet regimes including milk replacer only (MRO), milk replacer supplemented concentrate (MRC), and milk replacer supplemented concentrate plus alfalfa pellets (MCA) were collected for measurement of the expression of epithelial proteins using proteomic technology (six per group). The results showed that solid diet significantly improved the growth performance of goats, enhanced the ability of rumen fermentation, and promoted the development of epithelial papilla (p < 0.05). Proteome analysis revealed the distinct difference in the expressed protein in the MRC and MCA group compared with the MRO group (42 upregulated proteins and 79 downregulated proteins in MRC; 38 upregulated proteins and 73 downregulated proteins in MCA). Functional analysis showed that solid diet supplementation activated a variety of molecular functions in the epithelium, including protein binding, ATP binding, structural constituent of muscle, etc., in the MRC and MCA groups. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and butanoate metabolism were upregulated, being stimulated by solid feed. In contrast, the proteins associated with carbohydrate digestion and absorption and glycosaminoglycan degradation were downregulated. In addition, the protein expression of enzymes involved in ketone body synthesis in the rumen was generally activated, which was caused by solid feed. In summary, solid feed promoted the development of rumen epithelium by changing the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, energy synthesis, and signal transduction. The ketone body synthesis pathway might be the most important activated pathway, and provides energy for rumen development.
| S-EPMC10215584 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Early microbial colonization in the gut impacts animal performance and lifelong health. However, research on gut microbial colonization and development in young ruminants, especially after weaning, is currently limited. In this study, next-generation sequencing technology was performed to investigate the temporal dynamic changes of the microbial community in the jejunum and colon of goats at 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days (d) of age. As age increased, significant increases in microbial diversity, including the number of Observed OTUs and the Shannon Index, were observed in both the jejunum and colon. Regarding beta diversity, significant shifts in community membership and structure from d1 to d84 were observed based on both Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distances. With increasing age, dominant genera in the jejunum shifted from Lactobacillus to unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Lachnospiraceae and unclassified Clostridiales through starter supplementation, whereas colonic dominant genera changed from Lactobacillus and Butyricicoccus, within d1-d28, to unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Clostridiales and Campylobacter after solid diet supplementation. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed bacterial features that are stage-specific in the jejunum and colon, respectively. In the jejunum and colon, a significantly distinct structure and membership of the microbiota was observed across all ages. The growth stage-associated microbiota in each gut compartment was also identified as a marker for biogeography. Our data indicate the temporal and spatial differences of the gut microbiota in goats are important for their performance and health. Early microbial colonization can influence microbial composition in later life (e.g., post-weaning phase). This study provides insights that the temporal dynamics of gut microbiota development from newborn to post-weaning can aid in developing feeding strategies to improve goat health and production.
| S-EPMC7463816 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Flavor is one of the most important sensory characteristics of meat. The development of taste and aroma can be attributed to thousands of flavor molecules and precursors that are present in meat tissues. As a result, the identification of these flavor compounds and an improved understanding of their roles are necessary for improving the sensory quality and customer appeal of meat products. In the current study, we compared the metabolic profiles of meat specimens from the Lubei white goats (LBB), Boer goats (BE) and Jining grey goats (JNQ) by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our metabolomic data revealed that the three types of goat meat showed significantly different profiles of fatty acids, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and drug residues, which could underpin the nuances of their flavors. Taken together, our results provided insights into the molecular basis for sensory variations between different goat meat products.
| S-EPMC6780226 | biostudies-literature