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Biofilm formation and cell plasticity drive diazotrophy in an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium.

ABSTRACT:

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The contribution of non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) to total N₂ fixation in the marine water column is unknown, but their importance is likely constrained by the limited availability of dissolved organic matter and low O₂ conditions. Light could support N₂ fixation and growth by NCDs, yet no examples from bacterioplankton exist. In this study, we show that the phototrophic NCD, Rhodopseudomonas sp. BAL398, which is a member of the diazotrophic community in the surface waters of the Baltic Sea, can utilize light. Our study highlights the significance of biofilm formation for utilizing light and fixing N₂ under oxic conditions and the role of cell plasticity in regulating these processes. Our findings have implications for the general understanding of the ecology and importance of NCDs in marine waters.

SUBMITTER: Fernandez-Juarez V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10686084 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biofilm formation and cell plasticity drive diazotrophy in an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium.

Fernández-Juárez Víctor V Hallstrøm Søren S Pacherres Cesar O CO Wang Jiaqi J Coll-Garcia Guillem G Kühl Michael M Riemann Lasse L

Applied and environmental microbiology 20231026 11

<h4>Importance</h4>The contribution of non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) to total N<sub>2</sub> fixation in the marine water column is unknown, but their importance is likely constrained by the limited availability of dissolved organic matter and low O<sub>2</sub> conditions. Light could support N<sub>2</sub> fixation and growth by NCDs, yet no examples from bacterioplankton exist. In this study, we show that the phototrophic NCD, <i>Rhodopseudomonas</i> sp. BAL398, which is a member of the ...[more]

PMID: 37882569

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Chloroflexus aurantiacus is a thermophilic filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic (FAP) bacterium, and can grow phototrophically under anaerobic conditions or chemotrophically under aerobic and dark conditions. According to 16S rRNA analysis, Chloroflexi species are the earliest branching bacteria capable of photosynthesis, and Cfl. aurantiacus has been long regarded as a key organism to resolve the obscurity of the origin and early evolution of photosynthesis. Cfl. aurantiacus contains a chimeric photosystem that comprises some characters of green sulfur bacteria and purple photosynthetic bacteria, and also has some unique electron transport proteins compared to other photosynthetic bacteria. METHODS: The complete genomic sequence of Cfl. aurantiacus has been determined, analyzed and compared to the genomes of other photosynthetic bacteria. RESULTS: Abundant genomic evidence suggests that there have been numerous gene adaptations/replacements in Cfl. aurantiacus to facilitate life under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, including duplicate genes and gene clusters for the alternative complex III (ACIII), auracyanin and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase; and several aerobic/anaerobic enzyme pairs in central carbon metabolism and tetrapyrroles and nucleic acids biosynthesis. Overall, genomic information is consistent with a high tolerance for oxygen that has been reported in the growth of Cfl. aurantiacus. Genes for the chimeric photosystem, photosynthetic electron transport chain, the 3-hydroxypropionate autotrophic carbon fixation cycle, CO2-anaplerotic pathways, glyoxylate cycle, and sulfur reduction pathway are present. The central carbon metabolism and sulfur assimilation pathways in Cfl. aurantiacus are discussed. Some features of the Cfl. aurantiacus genome are compared with those of the Roseiflexus castenholzii genome. Roseiflexus castenholzii is a recently characterized FAP bacterium and phylogenetically closely related to Cfl. aurantiacus. According to previous reports and the genomic information, perspectives of Cfl. aurantiacus in the evolution of photosynthesis are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The genomic analyses presented in this report, along with previous physiological, ecological and biochemical studies, indicate that the anoxygenic phototroph Cfl. aurantiacus has many interesting and certain unique features in its metabolic pathways. The complete genome may also shed light on possible evolutionary connections of photosynthesis.

Dataset Information

Biofilm formation and cell plasticity drive diazotrophy in an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium.

Importance

Publications

Biofilm formation and cell plasticity drive diazotrophy in an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium.

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