Dataset Information

Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5 and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Studies across the globe generally reported increased mortality risks associated with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) exposure with large heterogeneity in the magnitude of reported associations and the shape of concentration-response functions (CRFs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of key study design factors (including confounders, applied exposure model, population age, and outcome definition) on PM2.5 effect estimates by harmonizing analyses on three previously published large studies in Canada [Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low Exposure Environments (MAPLE), 1991-2016], the United States (Medicare, 2000-2016), and Europe [Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), 2000-2016] as much as possible.

Methods

We harmonized the study populations to individuals 65+ years of age, applied the same satellite-derived PM2.5 exposure estimates, and selected the same sets of potential confounders and the same outcome. We evaluated whether differences in previously published effect estimates across cohorts were reduced after harmonization among these factors. Additional analyses were conducted to assess the influence of key design features on estimated risks, including adjusted covariates and exposure assessment method. A combined CRF was assessed with meta-analysis based on the extended shape-constrained health impact function (eSCHIF).

Results

More than 81 million participants were included, contributing 692 million person-years of follow-up. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality associated with a 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 were 1.039 (1.032, 1.046) in MAPLE, 1.025 (1.021, 1.029) in Medicare, and 1.041 (1.014, 1.069) in ELAPSE. Applying a harmonized analytical approach marginally reduced difference in the observed associations across the three studies. Magnitude of the association was affected by the adjusted covariates, exposure assessment methodology, age of the population, and marginally by outcome definition. Shape of the CRFs differed across cohorts but generally showed associations down to the lowest observed PM2.5 levels. A common CRF suggested a monotonically increased risk down to the lowest exposure level. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12141.

SUBMITTER: Chen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10691665 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5 and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

Chen Jie J Braun Danielle D Christidis Tanya T Cork Michael M Rodopoulou Sophia S Samoli Evangelia E Stafoggia Massimo M Wolf Kathrin K Wu Xiao X Yuchi Weiran W Andersen Zorana J ZJ Atkinson Richard R Bauwelinck Mariska M de Hoogh Kees K Janssen Nicole A H NAH Katsouyanni Klea K Klompmaker Jochem O JO Kristoffersen Doris Tove DT Lim Youn-Hee YH Oftedal Bente B Strak Maciej M Vienneau Danielle D Zhang Jiawei J Burnett Richard T RT Hoek Gerard G Dominici Francesca F Brauer Michael M Brunekreef Bert B

Environmental health perspectives 20231201 12

<h4>Background</h4>Studies across the globe generally reported increased mortality risks associated with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) exposure with large heterogeneity in the magnitude of reported associations and the shape of concentration-response functions (CRFs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of key study design factors (including confounders, applied exposure model, population age, and outcome definition) on PM2.5 effect estimates by harmonizing analyses on ...[more]

PMID: 38039140

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Dataset Information

Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5 and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5 and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

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