Dataset Information

Urban Living Environment and Myopia in Children.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

The global prevalence of myopia has shown a steady increase over recent decades, with urban areas seemingly experiencing a more significant impact.

Objective

To assess the association between urbanization and the prevalence, incidence, progression, and severity of myopia.

Design, setting, and participants

This cohort study included students in grades 1 to 6 in Tianjin, China, who underwent 3 vision examinations conducted over a 2-year period, from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023. Participants from grades 1 to 4 completed the 2-year follow-up.

Exposures

Urban living environment.

Main outcomes and measures

The association of urbanization with the incidence, progression, prevalence, and severity of myopia. To quantify urbanization, an urban score was constructed using satellite data and an iterative exploratory factor analysis.

Results

Of 177 894 students (51.7% male; mean [SD] age, 10.27 [1.75] years) included in the study, 137 087 students (52.3% male; mean [SD] age, 8.97 [1.21] years) were followed up for 2 years. A positive association was identified between myopia incidence and urbanization. Specifically, each 1-unit increment in the urban score was associated with an increased risk of myopia over a 1-year period (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = .02) and a 2-year period (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.50-1.57; P < .001). Conversely, each 1-unit increase in the urban score was associated with a significant decrease in myopia progression at 1 year (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.82-0.86; P < .001) and 2 years (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70-0.75, P < .001). In a cross-sectional data analysis, the urban score was positively associated with myopia prevalence (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.42; P = .02) and negatively associated with myopia severity, as indicated by spherical equivalent refraction (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.07-1.99; P = .02).

Conclusions and relevance

This study exploring urban living environments and myopia revealed dual associations of urban living with both the incidence and the progression of myopia. The observed patterns emphasize the urgency of promptly implementing myopia control strategies in less urbanized regions, where myopia progression may be accentuated.

SUBMITTER: Li X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10709769 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Urban Living Environment and Myopia in Children.

Li Xiaotong X Li Lihua L Qin Wen W Cao Qing Q Mu Xin X Liu Tiange T Li Zhen Z Zhang Wei W

JAMA network open 20231201 12

<h4>Importance</h4>The global prevalence of myopia has shown a steady increase over recent decades, with urban areas seemingly experiencing a more significant impact.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the association between urbanization and the prevalence, incidence, progression, and severity of myopia.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cohort study included students in grades 1 to 6 in Tianjin, China, who underwent 3 vision examinations conducted over a 2-year period, from March 1, 2021, ...[more]

PMID: 38064211

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Project description:BackgroundMost Australian Aboriginal children are on track with their development, however, the prevalence of children at risk of or with a developmental or behavioural problem is higher than in other children. Aboriginal child development data mostly comes from remote communities, whereas most Aboriginal children live in urban settings. We quantified the proportion of participating children at moderate and high developmental risk as identified by caregivers' concerns, and determined the factors associated with developmental risk among urban Aboriginal communities.MethodsStudy methods were co-designed and implemented with four participating urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in New South Wales, Australia, between 2008 and 2012. Caregiver-reported data on children < 8 years old enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study (Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health: SEARCH) were collected by interview. The Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) was used to assess developmental risk through report of caregiver concerns. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to investigate risk factors and develop a risk prediction model.ResultsOf 725 children in SEARCH with PEDS data (69% of eligible), 405 (56%) were male, and 336 (46%) were aged between 4.5 and 8 years. Using PEDS, 32% were at high, 28% moderate, and 40% low/no developmental risk. Compared with low/no risk, factors associated with high developmental risk in a mutually-adjusted model, with additional adjustment for study site, were male sex (OR 2.42, 95% confidence intervals 1.62-3.61), being older (4.5 to < 8 years versus < 3 years old, 3.80, 2.21-6.54), prior history of ear infection (1.95, 1.21-3.15), having lived in 4 or more houses versus one house (4.13, 2.04-8.35), foster care versus living with a parent (5.45, 2.32-12.78), and having a caregiver with psychological distress (2.40, 1.37-4.20).ConclusionIn SEARCH, 40% of urban Aboriginal children younger than 8 years were at no or low developmental risk. Several factors associated with higher developmental risk were modifiable. Aboriginal community-driven programs to improve detection of developmental problems and facilitate early intervention are needed.

Dataset Information

Urban Living Environment and Myopia in Children.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Exposures

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Urban Living Environment and Myopia in Children.

Similar Datasets

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