Dataset Information

Determinants of individual income in EU countries: implications for social policy targeting.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The introduction of the Income Index constructed by authors as well as the identification of demographic, socio-economic and occupation-related factors influencing the income of individuals in EU countries is the main contribution of the paper. The Income Index makes it possible to analyze data of individuals from all EU countries.

Methods

The multiple hierarchical regression of EU-SILC microdata provides the factors that influence individuals' income.

Results

Outcomes show through which factors can be intervened in social policy settings to reduce income inequality. Factors significantly affecting the Income Index are the household composition, occupation sector (typically agriculture and accommodation and services are related to low incomes) and the degree of urbanization (rural areas with the lowest incomes of individuals).

Discussion

Findings confirm ongoing discussions about the specific position of single parent households in the labour market and their need for social support.

SUBMITTER: Balakova I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10754958 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Determinants of individual income in EU countries: implications for social policy targeting.

Baláková Irena I Stávková Jana J Hudec Petr P

Frontiers in sociology 20231215

<h4>Introduction</h4>The introduction of the Income Index constructed by authors as well as the identification of demographic, socio-economic and occupation-related factors influencing the income of individuals in EU countries is the main contribution of the paper. The Income Index makes it possible to analyze data of individuals from all EU countries.<h4>Methods</h4>The multiple hierarchical regression of EU-SILC microdata provides the factors that influence individuals' income.<h4>Results</h4> ...[more]

PMID: 38162930

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Project description:ObjectivesTo analyse the potential of the Social Health Insurance (SHI) model to support the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) through a policy analysis case study of Kenya's National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF).DesignWe used an adaptation of the policy triangle framework to perform a retrospective policy analysis of Kenya's NHIF, drawing from semistructured interviews and analysis of published documents and grey literature.SettingWe focused on Kenya's NHIF as a case study.ParticipantsWe conducted 21 interviews with key stakeholders including policy experts, healthcare providers and formal and informal sector workers. We then triangulated the interview findings with document analysis.ResultsOnly 17% of Kenya's population are currently covered by the SHI as of 2023. Only 27% of the informal economy is covered by the NHIF, implying very low uptake and/or retention rates. We found little stakeholder engagement in the policy implementation process and minimum adoption of expert advice. Our analysis suggest that political affiliations and positions of power heavily influence health financing policies in Kenya. Purchasing and payment of healthcare was found to be riddled with inefficiencies, including slow bureaucratic reimbursement procedures, little expertise by rural hospital clerks, misappropriations and favouritism of specific private healthcare providers. We also found that group-based parallel schemes and penalty payments for defaulted premiums widened the existing inequity gap in healthcare access.ConclusionAlthough the SHI system is perceived to increase coverage and the quality of health services in Kenya, substantial structural and contextual challenges appear to deter its suitability to finance the attainment of Universal Health Coverage. From Kenya's experience, we identify little informal sector participation, inefficiencies in purchasing and payment of healthcare services, as well lack of political goodwill, as key bottlenecks for the implementation of SHI schemes in LMICs. LMICs adopting SHI need to also implement co-financing arrangements that do not impose on the population to co-finance, strategic purchasing systems, political goodwill and good governance for the SHI systems to be beneficial.

Dataset Information

Determinants of individual income in EU countries: implications for social policy targeting.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Publications

Determinants of individual income in EU countries: implications for social policy targeting.

Similar Datasets

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