Dataset Information

Evaluating the contribution of historical and contemporary temperature to the oospore production of self-fertile Phytophthora infestans.

ABSTRACT: Reproductive systems play an important role in the ecological function of species, but little is known about how climate change, such as global warming, may affect the reproductive systems of microbes. In this study, 116 Phytophthora infestans isolates sampled from five different altitudes along a mountain were evaluated under five temperature regimes to determine the effects of historical and experimental temperature on the reproductive system of the pathogen. Both altitude, a proxy for historical pathogen adaptation to temperature, and temperature used in the experiment affected the sexual reproduction of the pathogen, with experimental temperature, that is, contemporary temperature, playing a role several times more important than historical temperature. Furthermore, the potential of sexual reproduction, measured by the number of oospores quantified, increased with the temperature breadth (i.e., difference between the highest and lowest temperature at which sexual reproduction takes place) of the pathogen and reached the maximum at the experimental temperature of 21°C, which is higher than the annual average temperature in many potato-producing areas. The results suggest that rising air temperature associated with global warming may increase the potential of sexual reproduction in P. infestans. Given the importance of sexuality in pathogenicity and ecological adaptation of pathogens, these results suggest that global warming may increase the threat of P. infestans to agricultural production and other ecological services and highlight that new epidemiological strategies may need to be implemented for future food security and ecological resilience.

SUBMITTER: Waheed A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10824702 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluating the contribution of historical and contemporary temperature to the oospore production of self-fertile <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>.

Waheed Abdul A Shen Lin-Lin LL Nkurikiyimfura Oswald O Fang Han-Mei HM Wang Yan-Ping YP Andersson Björn B Zhan Jiasui J Yang Li-Na LN

Evolutionary applications 20240129 1

Reproductive systems play an important role in the ecological function of species, but little is known about how climate change, such as global warming, may affect the reproductive systems of microbes. In this study, 116 <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> isolates sampled from five different altitudes along a mountain were evaluated under five temperature regimes to determine the effects of historical and experimental temperature on the reproductive system of the pathogen. Both altitude, a proxy for ...[more]

PMID: 38293269

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Project description:Soil microorganisms play crucial roles in soil fertility, e.g., through decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients or through beneficial interactions with plants. Actinomycetes are a major component of soil inhabitants; they are prolific producers of specialized metabolites, among which many antibiotics. Here we report the isolation and characterization of 175 Actinomycetes from rhizosphere and bulk soil samples collected in 18 locations in Sudan. We evaluated the strains' metabolic potential for plant protection by testing their ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, which is one of the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide. Most strains significantly reduced the oomycete's growth in direct confrontational in vitro assays. A significant proportion of the tested strains (15%) were able to inhibit P. infestans to more than 80%, 23% to 50%-80%, while the remaining 62% had inhibition percentages lesser than 50%. Different morphologies of P. infestans mycelial growth and sporangia formation were observed upon co-inoculation with some of the Actinomycetes isolates, such as the production of fewer, thinner hyphae without sporangia leading to a faint growth morphology, or on the contrary, of clusters of thick-walled hyphae leading to a bushy, or "frozen" morphology. These morphologies were caused by strains differing in activity levels but phylogenetically closely related with each other. To evaluate whether the isolated Actinomycetes could also inhibit the pathogen's growth in planta, the most active strains were tested for their ability to restrict disease progress in leaf disc and full plant assays. Five of the active strains showed highly significant protection of potato leaves against the pathogen in leaf disc assays, as well as substantial reduction of disease progress in full plants assays. Using cell-free filtrates instead of the bacterial spores also led to full protection against disease on leaf discs, which highlights the strong crop protective potential of the secreted metabolites that could be applied as leaf spray. This study demonstrates the strong anti-oomycete activity of soil- and rhizosphere-borne Actinomycetes and highlights their significant potential for the development of sustainable solutions based on either cell suspensions or cell-free filtrates to safeguard potatoes from their most damaging pathogen.

Dataset Information

Evaluating the contribution of historical and contemporary temperature to the oospore production of self-fertile Phytophthora infestans.

Publications

Evaluating the contribution of historical and contemporary temperature to the oospore production of self-fertile <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>.

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