Dataset Information

Family Functioning in Children With ADHD and Subthreshold ADHD: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To compare family functioning over time for elementary school children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; N = 179) and subthreshold ADHD (ST-ADHD; N = 86), to children without ADHD (Control; N = 212).

Method

ADHD was assessed using the Conners 3 ADHD Index and Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV. At baseline, 18-month follow-up and 36-month follow-up, parents completed measures assessing a range of family functioning domains.

Results

At baseline, the ADHD group reported higher psychological distress, less parenting self-efficacy, less parenting consistency, and more stressful life events; and both groups reported poorer family quality of life (QoL) and greater parenting anger. Trajectories were largely similar to controls (i.e., stable over time), but unlike controls, ADHD and ST-ADHD groups showed lessening parent-partner support and parenting warmth, respectively; and both groups showed worsening aspects of family QoL.

Conclusion

Families of children with ADHD and ST-ADHD report persistently poor or worsening family functioning; highlighting a need for tailored psycho-social supports.

SUBMITTER: Bhide S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10838481 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Family Functioning in Children With ADHD and Subthreshold ADHD: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

Bhide Sampada S Efron Daryl D Ukoumunne Obioha C OC Anderson Vicki V Nicholson Jan M JM Silk Tim T Hazell Philip P Gulenc Alisha A Sciberras Emma E

Journal of attention disorders 20231212 4

<h4>Objective</h4>To compare family functioning over time for elementary school children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; <i>N</i> = 179) and subthreshold ADHD (ST-ADHD; <i>N</i> = 86), to children without ADHD (Control; <i>N</i> = 212).<h4>Method</h4>ADHD was assessed using the Conners 3 ADHD Index and Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV. At baseline, 18-month follow-up and 36-month follow-up, parents completed measures assessing a range of family functioning domai ...[more]

PMID: 38084374

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Project description:AimTo describe the development of social function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) classified in all levels of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).MethodThis prospective, longitudinal population-based cohort study recruited children with CP born in Queensland, Australia. Social functioning was measured using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) social function domain at 2 years, 2 years 6 months, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years, and the PEDI Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) social/cognitive domain at 8 to 12 years.ResultsSeventy-four children provided 356 observations. PEDI-CAT social/cognitive scaled scores at 8 to 12 years were (mean [SD] n) CFCS level I, 68.6 (2.7) 45; CFCS level II, 64.0 (3.4) 10; CFCS level III, 63.5 (3.7) 4; CFCS level IV, 56.8 (5.0) 9; CFCS level V, 47.2 (5.8) 6. Scores within expected range for age (not less than 2 SD below mean) at 8 to 12 years were achieved by 35 (78%) children in CFCS level I and four (14%) in CFCS levels II to V. Forty-nine per cent of children scored at least two standard deviations below the population mean on a proxy measure of fluid intelligence. Intellectual impairment was associated with lower PEDI-CAT social/cognitive scaled scores in univariable analysis (β = -8.3, 95% confidence interval - 10.91 to -5.63; p < 0.001) but had a smaller effect when modelled together with CFCS.InterpretationSocial function attained by 8 to 12 years of age was strongly related to level of communication function (CFCS). The small number of children classified in CFCS levels II to V necessitates caution when viewing these individual CFCS level trajectories.What this paper addsThere is a strong relation between social functioning and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) levels. At 8 to 12 years, 35 out of 45 children in CFCS level I met social functioning age expectations. Twenty-five out of 29 in CFCS levels II to V had social functioning below that expected for age. CFCS and age were more strongly associated with development of social functioning than Gross Motor Function Classification System or Manual Ability Classification System and age.

Dataset Information

Family Functioning in Children With ADHD and Subthreshold ADHD: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Family Functioning in Children With ADHD and Subthreshold ADHD: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

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