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Molecular and functional characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium poxA gene: effect on attenuation of virulence and protection.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica poxA mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including reduced pyruvate oxidase activity; reduced growth rate; and hypersensitivity to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl, alpha-ketobutyrate, and amino acid analogs. These mutants also failed to grow in the presence of the host antimicrobial peptide, protamine. In this study, PoxA- mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) were found to be 10,000-fold attenuated in orally inoculated BALB/c mice and 1,000-fold attenuated in intraperitoneally inoculated BALB/c mice, compared to wild-type S. typhimurium UK-1. In addition, poxA mutants were found to be capable of colonizing the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches; to induce strong humoral immune responses; and to protect mice against a lethal wild-type Salmonella challenge. A 2-kb DNA fragment was isolated from wild-type S. typhimurium UK-1 based on its ability to complement an isogenic poxA mutant. The nucleotide sequence of this DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame of 325 amino acids capable of encoding a polypeptide of 36.8 kDa that was confirmed in the bacteriophage T7 expression system. Comparison of the translated sequence to the available databases indicated high homology to a family of lysyl-tRNA synthetases. Our results indicate that a mutation of poxA has an attenuating effect on Salmonella virulence. Further, poxA mutants are immunogenic and could be useful in designing live vaccines with a variety of bacterial species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of poxA mutation on bacterial virulence.

SUBMITTER: Kaniga K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC108707 | biostudies-literature | 1998 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular and functional characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium poxA gene: effect on attenuation of virulence and protection.

Kaniga K K Compton M S MS Curtiss R R Sundaram P P

Infection and immunity 19981201 12

Salmonella enterica poxA mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including reduced pyruvate oxidase activity; reduced growth rate; and hypersensitivity to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl, alpha-ketobutyrate, and amino acid analogs. These mutants also failed to grow in the presence of the host antimicrobial peptide, protamine. In this study, PoxA- mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) were found to be 10,000-fold attenuated in orally inoculated BALB/c mice and 1,000-fold ...[more]

PMID: 9826331

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Project description:Typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains a major health concern worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella with increased virulence, communicability, and survivability leading to increased morbidity and mortality has further complicated its management. Currently available vaccines for typhoid have less-than-desired efficacy and certain unacceptable side effects, making it pertinent to search for new immunogens suitable for vaccine formulation. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Salmonella have been considered possible candidates for conferring protection against typhoid. OMPs interface the cell with the environment, thus representing important virulence factors with a significant role in the pathobiology of gram-negative bacteria and bacterial adaptation. An OMP of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with an apparent molecular mass of 49 kDa that is highly immunogenic, evokes humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and confers 100% protection to immunized rats against challenge with very high doses (up to 100 times the 50% lethal dose) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has been identified. Further, very efficient clearance of bacteria from the reticuloendothelial systems of immunized animals was seen. This protein is recognized by the antibodies present in serum of typhoid patients. When sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel-eluted protein was further analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-dimensional electrophoresis, two polypeptides with the same molecular weight were resolved. These have different isoelectric points and gave two peaks with different retention times in reverse-phase HPLC. However, only one of the two bands interacted with patient serum. The immunogenicity studies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH]) indicated that the immunoreactive protein evoked a strong immune response in rats. The N-terminal sequencing and analysis of the homology of this protein with sequences in the protein database of Salmonella resulted in a match with the N-terminal sequences of a protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (CT18 and Ty2 strains). The homology search further revealed it to be a hypothetical protein, whose gene had unidentified open reading frames in Salmonella serovar Typhi encoding 447 amino acid residues, corresponding to a molecular mass of 49 kDa. The nucleotide sequence of the encoding gene was deduced, and the gene was amplified by PCR using appropriate primers. An amplified 1.3-kb band was purified and sequenced to confirm its identity. These OMPs provide promising targets for the development of a candidate vaccine against typhoid.

Project description:To cause a systemic infection, Salmonella must respond to many environmental cues during mouse infection and express specific subsets of genes in a temporal and spatial manner, but the regulatory pathways are poorly established. To unravel how micro-environmental signals are processed and integrated into coordinated action, we constructed in-frame non-polar deletions of 83 regulators inferred to play a role in Salmonella enteriditis Typhimurium (STM) virulence and tested them in three virulence assays (intraperitoneal [i.p.], and intragastric [i.g.] infection in BALB/c mice, and persistence in 129X1/SvJ mice). Overall, 35 regulators were identified whose absence attenuated virulence in at least one assay, and of those, 14 regulators were required for systemic mouse infection, the most stringent virulence assay. As a first step towards understanding the interplay between a pathogen and its host from a systems biology standpoint, we focused on these 14 genes. Transcriptional profiles were obtained for deletions of each of these 14 regulators grown under four different environmental conditions. These results, as well as publicly available transcriptional profiles, were analyzed using both network inference and cluster analysis algorithms. The analysis predicts a regulatory network in which all 14 regulators control the same set of genes necessary for Salmonella to cause systemic infection. We tested the regulatory model by expressing a subset of the regulators in trans and monitoring transcription of 7 known virulence factors located within Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). These experiments validated the regulatory model and showed that the response regulator SsrB and the MarR type regulator, SlyA, are the terminal regulators in a cascade that integrates multiple signals. Furthermore, experiments to demonstrate epistatic relationships showed that SsrB can replace SlyA and, in some cases, SlyA can replace SsrB for expression of SPI-2 encoded virulence factors.

Dataset Information

Molecular and functional characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium poxA gene: effect on attenuation of virulence and protection.

Publications

Molecular and functional characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium poxA gene: effect on attenuation of virulence and protection.

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