Dataset Information

Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.

ABSTRACT: Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity¹. We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400-200 years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adjacent Santa Barbara mainland coast from 7,400 years BP to modern Chumash groups represented by individuals who lived around 200 years BP. The distinctive genetic lineages that characterize present-day and ancient people from Northwest Mexico increased in frequency in Southern and Central California by 5,200 years BP, providing evidence for northward migrations that are candidates for spreading Uto-Aztecan languages before the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mexico^2-4. Individuals from Baja California share more alleles with the earliest individual from Central California in the dataset than with later individuals from Central California, potentially reflecting an earlier linguistic substrate, whose impact on local ancestry was diluted by later migrations from inland regions^1,5. After 1,600 years BP, ancient individuals from the Channel Islands lived in communities with effective sizes similar to those in pre-agricultural Caribbean and Patagonia, and smaller than those on the California mainland and in sampled regions of Mexico.

SUBMITTER: Nakatsuka N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10872549 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.

Nakatsuka Nathan N Holguin Brian B Sedig Jakob J Langenwalter Paul E PE Carpenter John J Culleton Brendan J BJ García-Moreno Cristina C Harper Thomas K TK Martin Debra D Martínez-Ramírez Júpiter J Porcayo-Michelini Antonio A Tiesler Vera V Villapando-Canchola M Elisa ME Valdes Herrera Alejandro A Callan Kim K Curtis Elizabeth E Kearns Aisling A Iliev Lora L Lawson Ann Marie AM Mah Matthew M Mallick Swapan S Micco Adam A Michel Megan M Workman J Noah JN Oppenheimer Jonas J Qiu Lijun L Zalzala Fatma F Rohland Nadin N Punzo Diaz Jose Luis JL Johnson John R JR Reich David D

Nature 20231122 7990

Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity<sup>1</sup>. We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400-200 years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adja ...[more]

PMID: 37993721

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Project description:Indigenous Peoples worldwide are experiencing a cascade of impacts on their health and wellbeing as a result of climate change and biodiversity loss. Existing literature at the interface of climate change, biodiversity loss, and Indigenous health tells us that Indigenous Peoples are among those most disproportionately and acutely affected by these impacts. Yet, a gap exists with respect to comprehensively and critically synthesizing the impacts reported across this literature and identifying Indigenous-led responses. Guided by an Indigenous advisory group, we employed a systematic umbrella review methodology, following PRISMA guidelines, to characterize the global secondary literature (PROSPERO registration #: CRD42023417060). In so doing, we identified the proximal, intermediate, distal, and gendered impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss on Indigenous health and wellbeing as well as Indigenous-led responses. Five databases were searched for published reviews, along with a grey literature search that focused on underrepresented geographic regions in the academic literature. Two independent reviewers conducted two-stage screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of retrieved records. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, using a constant comparative approach. A total of 38 review articles met the eligibility criteria and 37 grey literature records were retrieved and included in the review. Reviews were published between 2010-2023 and geographically clustered in the Circumpolar North. Intersecting proximal, intermediate, and distal impacts were characterized as place-based and specific, and linked to colonialism as an antecedent to and driver of these impacts. Gendered impacts were underexplored within reviews. Reviewed literature underscored the value of engaging diverse knowledge systems; platforming localized, community-led adaptation to climate change and biodiversity loss, while addressing sociopolitical constraints to these efforts; and applying a broader conceptualization of health that aligns with Indigenous frameworks. Going forward, we must foreground equity- and rights-based considerations within integrated responses to climate and biodiversity crises.

Project description:IntroductionIn the quest to improve the understanding of climate change impacts on elements of the atmospheric, physical, and life systems, scientists are challenged by the scarcity and uneven distribution of grounded data. Through their long history of interaction with the environment, Indigenous Peoples and local communities have developed complex knowledge systems that allow them to detect impacts of climate change in the local environment. The study protocol presented here is designed 1) to inventory climate change impacts on the atmospheric, physical, and life systems based on local knowledge and 2) to test hypotheses on the global spatial, socioeconomic, and demographic distribution of reported impacts. The protocol has been developed within the framework of a project aiming to bring insights from Indigenous and local knowledge systems to climate research (https://licci.eu).MethodsData collection uses a mixed-method approach and relies on the collaboration of a team of 50 trained partners working in sites where people's livelihood directly depend on nature. The data collection protocol consists of two steps. Step 1 includes the collection of secondary data (e.g., spatial and meteorological data) and site contextual information (e.g., village infrastructure, services). Step 1 also includes the use of 1) semi-structured interviews (n = 20-30/site) to document observations of environmental change and their drivers and 2) focus group discussions to identify consensus in the information gathered. Step 2 consist in the application of a household (n from 75 to 125) and individual survey (n from 125 to 175) using a standardized but locally adapted instrument. The survey includes information on 1) individual and household socio-demographic characteristics, 2) direct dependence on nature, 3) household's vulnerability, and 4) individual perceptions of climate change impacts. Survey data are entered in a specifically designed database.Expected resultsThis protocol allows the systematic documentation and analysis of the patterned distribution of local indicators of climate change impacts across climate types and livelihood activities. Data collected with this protocol helps fill important gaps on local climate change impacts research and can provide tangible outcomes for local people who will be able to better reflect on how climate change impacts them.

Project description:BACKGROUND:To study the genetic forms and pathophysiology of arterial hypertension by evaluating plasma renin activity in the Shors, minor indigenous peoples inhabiting the south of Western Siberia. METHODS:A single-stage study of indigenous (the Shors) and non-indigenous peoples living in the villages of Gornaya Shoria of the Kemerovo region in the south of Western Siberia was conducted in the period from 2013 to 2017. One thousand four hundred nine adults (901 Shors and 508 non-indigenous inhabitants) were recruited in the study using a continuous sampling plan. Arterial blood pressure was measured according to 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. All the respondents underwent clinical and instrumental examination. Plasma renin activity was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay with the BRG kits (Germany). Polymorphisms of ACE (I/D, rs 4340), ?GT (c.803?T?>?C, rs699), AGTR1 (?1166?, rs5186), ADRB1 (?.145A?>?G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252) and ADRA2B (I/D, rs 28,365,031) genes were tested using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Renin-dependent hypertensive patients prevailed in both ethnic groups (65.6% in the indigenous group vs. 89.8% in the non-indigenous group, p?=?0.001). Prevalence of a volume-dependent AH was low in both groups (34.4% in the indigenous group vs. 10.2% in the non-indigenous group, ??=?0.001). The D/D and ?/? genotypes of the ??? [OR?=?6.97; 95% CI (1.07-55.58)] and AGT [OR?=?3.53; 95% CI (1.02-12.91)] genes were associated with the renin-dependent AH in the Shors. The C/C genotype of AGTR1 gene was found to predispose to the volume-dependent AH [OR?=?5.25; 95% CI (1.03-27.89)]. The C/C genotype of AGTR1 gene was associated with moderate or high renin levels suggesting essential AH in the non-indigenous group [OR?=?5.00; 95% CI (1.21-22.30), ??=?0.029]. CONCLUSION:An in-depth understanding of AH pathophysiology and its genetic forms ensures the optimal choice of blood pressure-lowering treatment and optimizes AH control.

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Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.

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Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.

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