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International consensus recommendations on face transplantation: A 2-step Delphi study.


ABSTRACT: Face transplantation is a viable reconstructive approach for severe craniofacial defects. Despite the evolution witnessed in the field, ethical aspects, clinical and psychosocial implications, public perception, and economic sustainability remain the subject of debate and unanswered questions. Furthermore, poor data reporting and sharing, the absence of standardized metrics for outcome evaluation, and the lack of consensus definitions of success and failure have hampered the development of a "transplantation culture" on a global scale. We completed a 2-round online modified Delphi process with 35 international face transplant stakeholders, including surgeons, clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, ethicists, policymakers, and researchers, with a representation of 10 of the 19 face transplant teams that had already performed the procedure and 73% of face transplants. Themes addressed included patient assessment and selection, indications, social support networks, clinical framework, surgical considerations, data on patient progress and outcomes, definitions of success and failure, public image and perception, and financial sustainability. The presented recommendations are the product of a shared commitment of face transplant teams to foster the development of face transplantation and are aimed at providing a gold standard of practice and policy.

SUBMITTER: Longo B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10881406 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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International consensus recommendations on face transplantation: A 2-step Delphi study.

Longo Benedetto B   Alberti Fay Bound FB   Pomahac Bohdan B   Pribaz Julian Joseph JJ   Meningaud Jean-Paul JP   Lengelé Benoît B   Özkan Ömer Ö   Özkan Özlenen Ö   Barret Juan Pere JP   Lassus Patrik P   Blondeel Phillip P   Roche Nathalie N   Gurunian Raffi R   Infante-Cossio Pedro P   Lindford Andrew A   Brandacher Gerald G   Giovanoli Pietro P   Plock Jan J   Gorantla Vijay S VS   Herrington Emily Ruppel ER   Saleh Daniel D   Natalwala Ibrahim I   Cardillo Massimo M   Jowsey-Gregoire Sheila S   La Padula Simone S   Manas Derek D   Benedict James J   Nuccitelli Gloria G   Bosc Romain R   Morello Roberto R   Farías-Yapur Anneke A   Giacalone Martina M   Hall Sarah S   D'Orsi Gennaro G   Cervelli Valerio V  

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 20230902 1


Face transplantation is a viable reconstructive approach for severe craniofacial defects. Despite the evolution witnessed in the field, ethical aspects, clinical and psychosocial implications, public perception, and economic sustainability remain the subject of debate and unanswered questions. Furthermore, poor data reporting and sharing, the absence of standardized metrics for outcome evaluation, and the lack of consensus definitions of success and failure have hampered the development of a "tr  ...[more]

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