Impact of Brightness on Choroidal Vascularity Index
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10889141 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeTo assess the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients affected by Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) compared to patients affected by dominant optic atrophy (DOA) and healthy subjects.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we considered three cohorts: LHON eyes (48), DOA eyes (48) and healthy subjects' eyes (48). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquisition. OCT parameters as subfoveal choroidal thickness (Sub-F ChT), mean choroidal thickness (ChT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal choroidal area (LCA) were calculated. CVI was obtained as the ratio of LCA and TCA.ResultsSubfoveal ChT in LHON patients did not show statistically significant differences compared to controls, while in DOA a reduction in choroidal thickness was observed (p = 0.344 and p = 0.045, respectively). Mean ChT was reduced in both LHON and DOA subjects, although this difference reached statistical significance only in DOA (p = 0.365 and p = 0.044, respectively). TCA showed no significant differences among the 3 cohorts (p = 0.832). No changes were detected in LCA among the cohorts (p = 0.389), as well as in the stromal choroidal area (SCA, p = 0.279). The CVI showed no differences among groups (p = 0.898): LHON group was characterized by a similar CVI in comparison to controls (p = 0.911) and DOA group (p = 0.818); the DOA group was characterized by a similar CVI in comparison to controls (p = 1.0).ConclusionCVI is preserved in DOA and LHON patients, suggesting that even in the chronic phase of the neuropathy the choroidal structure is not irreversibly compromised.
| S-EPMC10482917 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo analyze choroidal structure using subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2.MethodsMedical records of 43 eyes with MacTel type 2 and 30 sex and age-matched healthy eyes were retrospectively reviewed. Their SFCT and CVI were measured using the SS-OCT scan passing through the central fovea and image binarization. The difference in baseline SFCT and CVI from each group and their yearly changes up to second year of follow up were analyzed. The baseline characteristics of the groups were also compared.ResultsThe baseline characteristics, including CVI and SFCT, of the MacTel group and the control group were not significantly different, except for BCVA. The mean CVI of MacTel group were 64.59 ± 2.92%, 63.76 ± 2.67%, and 62.97 ± 2.74% (p < 0.001) whereas that of control group were 63.33 ± 2.45%, 63.04 ± 2.46%, and 63.43 ± 2.25% (p = 0.636) at baseline, 1 and 2 years, respectively. The mean SFCT of MacTel group were 324.65 ± 89.65μm, 326.14 ± 93.11μm, and 322.65 ± 91.77μm (p = 0.436), whereas that of control group were 304.30 ± 51.86 μm, 300.86 ± 52.64μm, and 298.55 ± 53.71μm (p = 0.275) at baseline, 1 and 2 years, respectively.ConclusionCVI decreases at a faster rate in MacTel type 2 in comparison with healthy subjects. This may suggest possible choroidal involvement in the progression of MacTel type 2.
| S-EPMC8989206 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the choroidal structure in patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) by investigating the choroidal vascularity index (CVI).MethodsThe present study was conducted on 113 IRD patients and 113 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. Patients' data was extracted from the Iranian National Registry for IRDs (IRDReg®). Total choroidal area (TCA) was determined between retinal pigment epithelium and choroid-scleral junction,1500 microns on either side of the fovea. Luminal area (LA) was considered as the black area corresponding to the choroidal vascular spaces, following Niblack binarization. CVI was calculated as the ratio of the LA to the TCA. CVI and other parameters were compared among different types of IRD and the control group.ResultsThe IRD diagnosis included retinitis pigmentosa (n = 69), cone-rod dystrophy (n = 15), Usher syndrome (n = 15), Leber congenital amaurosis (n = 9), and Stargardt disease (n = 5). Sixty-one (54.0%) individuals of each of the study and control groups were male. The average CVI was 0.65 ± 0.06 in the IRD patients and 0.70 ± 0.06 in the control group (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the average of TCA and LA were 2.32 ± 0.63 and 1.52 ± 0.44 mm [1] in patients with IRDs, respectively. The measurements for the TCA and the LA were significantly lower in all subtypes of IRD (P-values < 0.05).ConclusionCVI is significantly lower in patients with IRD than in healthy age-matched individuals. Choroidal changes in IRDs may be related to the changes in the lumen of the choroidal vessels rather than the stromal changes.
| S-EPMC10044756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:(1) Background: we aimed to evaluate choroidal vascularity change in eyes with central and branch retinal vein occlusion (RVO). (2) Methods: in this retrospective cross-sectional study, we reviewed the records of 47 patients with recent-onset, naïve, unilateral retinal vein occlusion. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were binarized using the ImageJ software; luminal area (LA) and total choroidal area (TCA) were measured. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated as the proportion of LA to TCA. Depending on the pattern of macular oedema, eyes were classified as having no macular oedema (nME), cystoid macular oedema (CME), cystoid macular oedema with serous retinal detachment (mixed). (3) Results: CVI, TCA and LA were greater in eyes with RVO than in fellow, unaffected eyes. No difference was found between central and branch RVO except for central macular thickness (CMT). When compared with controls, eyes with CME presented a significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness, CMT, TCA, LA and CVI; eyes with mixed macular oedema had greater CMT and CVI than contralateral eyes; no significant differences in any of the considered parameters were observed in eyes with nME. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that RVO alters the vascularity of the choroid that varies according to the type of macular oedema.
| S-EPMC9410370 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe choroid, a highly vascular structure within the eye, is significantly influenced by various systemic conditions. The advent of enhanced depth optical coherence tomography has improved our ability to evaluate choroidal pathophysiology. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI), a noninvasive and reliable tool, serves as an effective means of assessing the choroidal vascular structure. Recent studies have increasingly focused on exploring CVI alterations under different systemic conditions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research findings in this area.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted on October 1, 2023, using two databases, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Scopus. Search terms were tailored specifically for each database to ensure a thorough exploration of relevant literature. The studies identified were qualitatively assessed, with particular emphasis on outcomes related to CVI and choroidal thickness.ResultsA total of 48 studies were included in the review, encompassing a diverse range of systemic conditions such as diabetes, central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Notable reductions in CVI were observed in diabetic retinopathy, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, the review highlighted variations in CVI values related to the severity of systemic diseases, indicating its potential use as a biomarker for disease progression.ConclusionThis review highlights the significant correlation between variations in the choroidal vascularity index and diverse systemic conditions affecting hemodynamics. An enhanced understanding of CVI provides deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders and positions CVI as a promising biomarker for early detection and monitoring. Nevertheless, its clinical utility warrants careful assessment. Future research should address the potential limitations of CVI to fully capitalize on its diagnostic and prognostic potential.
| S-EPMC11575059 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPatients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) present an increased risk of developing glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). We investigated peripapillary choroidal parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to determine the relationships of these factors with clinical variables.MethodsA total of 33 patients with SSc were enrolled and compared to 40 controls. After obtaining circular scans around the optic disc, the global and quadrant peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT) and RNFL thickness were measured. Additionally, the peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (pCVI), which allows for a quantitative analysis of the choroidal vasculature, was determined.ResultsNo significant differences were found in pCT and RNFL thickness between patients with SSc and controls, or within SSc subtypes (diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) compared to limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc)) (p > 0.05). The pCVI was significantly lower in patients with SSc than in control subjects (64.25 ± 1.94 vs.65.73 ± 2.12, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur results suggest that the statistically significant decrease in pCVI in patients with SSc compared to the control group is probably due to a decrease in the vascular layer, which would partially explain an increased risk of GON in patients with SSc.
| S-EPMC10617027 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo characterize choroidal vascular changes in children with different refractive status.MethodsA study including 5864 children aged 6-9 years was performed to investigate the choroidal vascular index (CVI) in myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic eyes. Each participant had a comprehensive ocular examination with cycloplegic autorefraction performed, axial length (AL) measured and Swept Source-Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) scans acquired. Choroidal thickness (ChT) was measured by built-in software, and CVI was calculated using a previously validated self-developed algorithm.ResultsThe mean ChT and CVI were 275.88 ± 53.34 μm and 34.91 ± 3.83 in the macula region, and 191.96 ± 46.28 μm and 32.35 ± 4.21 in the peripapillary region. CVI was significantly lowest for myopes, followed by emmetropes and hyperopes (P < 0.001). CVI varied between different sectors separated by the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid (P < 0.001). Macular CVI decreased horizontally from nasal to temporal quadrant with lowest in center fovea, and vertically from superior to inferior quadrants. Peripapillary CVI was highest in the nasal and lowest in the inferior sector. Multiple regression showed that spherical equivalent (SE), AL, intraocular pressure (IOP), ChT, age, and gender were significantly related to CVI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn children, the distribution of CVI in the posterior pole is not uniform. A decreased CVI was observed from hyperopia to myopia and was associated with decreased SE, elongated AL, and choroidal thinning. Further study of changes in CVI during myopia onset and progression is required to better understand the role of the choroidal vasculature in myopia development.
| S-EPMC10858217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The choroid supplies blood to the outer retina. We quantified outer retinal and choroidal parameters to understand better the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). The retrospective cross-sectional single-center study included 210 eyes from 139 diabetic patients and 76 eyes from 52 healthy controls. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was carried out with a Spectralis HRA + OCT imaging device. The outer retinal layer (ORL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and choroidal thicknesses were assessed along with the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). The presence of DR, whether with DME or without, was associated with choroidal thinning (p < 0.001). Compared with the controls, patients with DR without DME presented with lower ORL and ONL thickness (p < 0.001), whereas those with DR and DME had higher values of both parameters (p < 0.001). Significant correlations between outer retinal and choroidal parameters were found only in patients with DR without DME (ORL with choroidal thickness: p = 0.003, rho = 0.34; ORL with CVI: p < 0.001, rho = 0.49, ONL with CVI: p < 0.027, rho = 0.25). No correlations between choroidal and outer retinal parameters were observed in the controls and patients with DR and concomitant DME. Aside from diabetic choroidopathy, other pathogenic mechanisms seem to predominate in the latter group.
| S-EPMC9267134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a vision-threatening condition that can be treated with various surgical approaches. The role of scleral buckling remains controversial because of its potential long-term deleterious effects on choroidal vascular perfusion and the limited knowledge of this entity.MethodsA total of 135 eyes were retrospectively selected, including 115 with surgically resolved RRD and 20 healthy control eyes. Of the surgically treated eyes, 64 underwent vitrectomy alone, while 51 underwent scleral buckling combined with vitrectomy. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated along with the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) as a metric for the state of the choroidal vasculature. BCVA was compared before and after surgery, and the postoperative BCVA was analyzed with the CVI using correlation and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsThe preoperative BCVA of the RRD eyes was significantly worse than that of the control eyes, and significantly improved after surgery. However, the long-term postsurgical BCVA was still inferior to that of the control eyes. No significant differences in visual function were found between the two surgical groups. The average CVI was 57.35% in the control eyes, 63.76% in the eyes that underwent vitrectomy, and 53.37% in buckled eyes. The differences in CVI were significant among the three groups. Among the surgical patients, negative Pearson's correlations were found between CVI and postoperative BCVA (expressed in logMAR). A multivariate linear regression model containing four parameters revealed that CVI was the only variable with a significant influence on postoperative BCVA, while the length of time with a detached macula did not have an effect.ConclusionsRRD surgery drastically restored vision, but the effect of RRD lingered, as postsurgical visual acuity remained inferior to that of the control eyes. The CVI varied between the treatment groups, likely due to both disease pathology and the impact of the surgery. The correlation between CVI and BCVA indicates the important role that the choroidal vasculature plays in visual function.
| S-EPMC10053660 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The relationships between changes in choroidal vasculature and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain unclear. We assessed choroidal changes in diabetic patients by measuring choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in conjunction with DR stage. In this study, patients with diabetes and healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into seven groups as follows: Healthy controls, no DR, mild/moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR), severe NPDR, proliferative DR (PDR), panretinal photocoagulation-treated DR, and clinically significant macular edema. The mean CVI values in the above groups were 69.08, 67.07, 66.28, 66.20, 63.48, 65.38, and 66.28, respectively. The eyes of diabetic patients exhibited a significantly lower CVI value than those of healthy controls even without DR. The PDR group exhibited a significantly lower CVI value than the healthy control, no DR, and mild/moderate NPDR groups. Age, sex, disease duration, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, or intraocular pressure had no correlation with CVI. In multivariate regression analysis, thicker subfoveal choroid and thinner central retina were significantly associated with higher CVI values. These findings carefully suggest that changes in choroidal vasculature could be the primary event in diabetes even where there is no DR.
| S-EPMC5758605 | biostudies-literature