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Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption.

ABSTRACT: We design a cryptographic transistor (cryptoristor)-based true random number generator (tRNG) with low power consumption and small footprint. This is the first attempt to use irregular and unpredictable operation-induced randomness of a cryptoristor as an entropy source. To extract discrete random numbers with a binary code from the cryptoristor, we developed a noise-coupling analog-to-digital converter. This converter not only converts analog signals to digital random bits but also improves the randomness of the entropy source with low power consumption. The randomness of the cryptoristor is attributed to the random carrier multiplications with the creation and stochastic carrier escape as destruction, which occurs iteratively as long as the input current is fed. The cryptoristor-based tRNG passed 15 randomness test suites of NIST Special Publication 800-22. It is robust to iterative operational stresses and to ambient temperature changes, making it an attractive option for hardware-based security solutions in the Internet of Things due to its low power consumption and small size.

SUBMITTER: Kim SI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10889348 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption.

Kim Seung-Il SI You Hyeong-Jin HJ Kim Myung-Su MS An Un-Shi US Kim Moon-Seok MS Lee Do Hoon DH Ryu Seung-Tak ST Choi Yang-Kyu YK

Science advances 20240223 8

We design a cryptographic transistor (cryptoristor)-based true random number generator (tRNG) with low power consumption and small footprint. This is the first attempt to use irregular and unpredictable operation-induced randomness of a cryptoristor as an entropy source. To extract discrete random numbers with a binary code from the cryptoristor, we developed a noise-coupling analog-to-digital converter. This converter not only converts analog signals to digital random bits but also improves the ...[more]

PMID: 38394200

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Project description:A wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) is a promising energy harvesting device due to its clean, ubiquitous and unexhausted properties. In addition, a W-TENG induces unpredictable chaotic outputs from wind flow that can serve as an entropy source for cryptography. This can be applied to a true random number generator (TRNG) for a secured system due to its inherent turbulent nature; thus, a W-TENG with a two-in-one structure can simultaneously generate both power and true random numbers. However, a previously reported W-TENG had one major drawback: a wind velocity of 10 m/s is required for stable energy harvesting by wind force. Thus, it is timely to demonstrate a W-TENG-based RNG whose operating condition is below 3 m/s, which is a gentle breeze similar to natural wind. In this study, we demonstrate a wind-driven cryptographic triboelectric random number generator (WCT-RNG) by using a W-TENG whose operating condition for wind speed is below 3 m/s by adopting a rear-fixed film structure instead of a conventional structure. The rear-fixed film refers to the fluttering film being freestanding on the front-side and fixed on the rear-side, where the front- and rear-sides are the wind inlet and outlet, respectively. The WCT-RNG enables the W-TENG to operate below a 3 m/s wind velocity. Because of this, the working time of the WCT-RNG is dramatically enhanced from only 8-42% at an average altitude above sea level. As the capability of operating at low wind speeds is significantly improved, a WCT-RNG becomes more useful and practical for generating both power and true random numbers in a single device. The device can thereby lead to the construction of a self-powered TRNG and secure communication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in various environments, even under a gentle breeze. In this study, we explain the design of a WCT-RNG structure and also evaluate its randomness by using an NIST SP 800-22 B test suite with a reliability test.

Project description:The volume of securely encrypted data transmission increases continuously in modern society with all things connected. Towards this end, true random numbers generated from physical sources are highly required for guaranteeing security of encryption and decryption schemes for exchanging sensitive information. However, majority of true random number generators (TRNGs) are mechanically rigid, and thus cannot be compatibly integrated with some specific flexible platforms. Herein, we present a flexible and stretchable bionic TRNG inspired by the uniqueness and randomness of biological architectures. The flexible TRNG film is molded from the surface microstructures of natural plants (e.g., ginkgo leaf) via a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly manufacturing process. In our proof-of-principle experiment, the TRNG exhibits a fast generation speed of up to 1.04 Gbit/s, in which random numbers are fully extracted from laser speckle patterns with a high extraction rate of 72%. Significantly, the resulting random bit streams successfully pass all randomness test suites including NIST, TestU01, and DIEHARDER. Even after 10,000 times cyclic stretching or bending tests, or during temperature shock (-25-80 °C), the bionic TRNG still reveals robust mechanical reliability and thermal stability. Such a flexible TRNG shows a promising potential in information security of emerging flexible networked electronics.Electronic supplementary materialSupplementary material (light path diagram of transmitted laser speckle, pseudo random pattern, statistical distribution of bionic microstructures, haze of the bionic TRNG film, multi-layer circular laser intensity pattern, percentage of bit 0/1 for different hashed images, Pearson correlation coefficient between 100 different speckle images, the whole process of randomness extraction, SEM images of the flexible TRNG film after 10,000 times stretching and bending, continuous work stability of the TRNG at low or high temperature, light path diagram of reflective laser speckle, and detailed randomness test results of NIST, TestU01, and DIEHARDER) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4109-9.

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Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption.

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Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption.

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