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Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity.

ABSTRACT: We examined whether perceived stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity were associated with dietary adherence during a 6-week intervention. Sixty participants (23 m; 53 ± 14 y) completed psychosocial measures and were provided with full meals. Individuals with obesity were randomized to a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMENs) (n = 18; BMI 33 ± 4) or a 35% calorie-reduced diet (n = 19; BMI 38 ± 9); normal-weight individuals (n = 23; BMI 23 ± 2) were assigned to a WMENs diet. Adherence scores were determined via weekly assessments and daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of real-time behavior in a natural environment. Perceived stress and anhedonia were associated with % body fat (all r-values > 0.25, all p-values < 0.05), but food insecurity and adherence were not. Higher perceived stress (r = -0.31, p = 0.02), anhedonia (r = -0.34, p = 0.01), and food insecurity (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) were associated with lower adherence scores, even after adjusting for age, sex, and % body fat. In all adjusted models, % body fat was not associated with adherence. Higher measures of stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity predicted lower adherence independently of body fat, indicating that psychosocial factors are important targets for successful adherence to dietary interventions, regardless of body size.

SUBMITTER: Booker JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10892668 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity.

Booker Jetaun M JM Cabeza de Baca Tomás T Treviño-Alvarez Andrés M AM Stinson Emma J EJ Votruba Susanne B SB Chang Douglas C DC Engel Scott G SG Krakoff Jonathan J Gluck Marci E ME

Nutrients 20240214 4

We examined whether perceived stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity were associated with dietary adherence during a 6-week intervention. Sixty participants (23 m; 53 ± 14 y) completed psychosocial measures and were provided with full meals. Individuals with obesity were randomized to a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMENs) (<i>n</i> = 18; BMI 33 ± 4) or a 35% calorie-reduced diet (n = 19; BMI 38 ± 9); normal-weight individuals (n = 23; BMI 23 ± 2) were assigned to a WMENs diet. Adherence scor ...[more]

PMID: 38398850

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Project description:ImportanceFood insecurity is a pervasive public health issue in the US that is associated with greater body weight.ObjectiveTo examine national trends in food insecurity among US adults from 1999 to 2016 according to surrogate measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]).Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data obtained from nine 2-year cycles (1999 to 2000 through 2015 to 2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. The sample comprised adult survey participants aged 20 years or older. Data analyses were performed from July 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was food insecurity. Data on BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were categorized as follows: normal weight (BMI, <25), overweight (BMI, 25-29.9), and obese (BMI, ≥30). Data on WC were categorized as follows: less high risk (men: ≤102 cm; women: ≤88 cm) or high risk (men: >102 cm; women: >88 cm). Food insecurity prevalence by adiposity was further analyzed using key demographic characteristics, including sex and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Other).ResultsAmong the 46 145 adults in the final sample, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (0.2) years. Of this sample, 23 957 were women (52.0%; 95% CI, 51.6%-52.5%) and 20 825 were non-Hispanic White adults (68.8%; 95% CI, 66.6%-71.0%). The estimated prevalence of food insecurity was 18.2% (95% CI, 15.3%-21.2%) in the 2015 to 2016 cycle, a statistically significant change from 8.7% (95% CI, 7.3%-10.2%) in the 1999 to 2000 cycle. Among all adiposity categories, food insecurity prevalence significantly increased from the 1999 to 2000 cycle to the 2015 to 2016 cycle. The prevalence of food insecurity was highest in adults with obesity (22.6%; 95% CI, 19.5%-25.8%; P for trend <.001). For both men and women, food insecurity prevalence significantly increased from the 1999 to 2000 cycle (men: 8.8% [95% CI, 6.9%-10.6%]; women: 8.7% [95% CI, 7.0%-10.5%]) to the 2015 to 2016 cycle (men: 17.2% [95% CI, 14.1%-20.2%]; women: 19.2% [95% CI, 16.2%-22.2%]; P for trends <.001). For non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black adults, food insecurity prevalence increased from the 1999 to 2000 cycle (non-Hispanic White: 6.0% [95% CI, 4.0%-8.0%]; non-Hispanic Black: 12.4% [95% CI, 9.6%-15.2%]) to the 2015 to 2016 cycle (non-Hispanic White: 13.0% [95% CI, 9.8%-16.3%]; non-Hispanic Black: 29.1% [95% CI, 24.2%-34.0%]; P for trends <.001). For Hispanic adults, food insecurity prevalence significantly increased in those with obesity (1999-2000: 19.1% [95% CI, 12.0%-26.1%]; 2015-2016: 37.6% [95% CI, 33.7%-41.5%]; P for trend ≤.001) and in both less-high-risk WC (1999-2000: 19.6% [95% CI, 12.8%-26.4%]; 2015-2016: 32.5% [95% CI, 27.3%-37.7%]; P for trend = .02) and high-risk WC categories (1999-2000: 19.3% [95% CI, 12.7%-25.9%]; 2015-2016: 36.7% [95% CI, 31.7%-41.7%]; P for trend <.001).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the estimated prevalence of food insecurity appeared to increase from 1999 to 2016 and across all levels of adiposity. These results suggest the need for multidisciplinary approaches to address the association between food insecurity and obesity in the US.

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Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity.

Publications

Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity.

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