Dataset Information

Dynamic Coronary Blood Flow Velocity and Wall Shear Stress Estimation Using Ultrasound in an Ex Vivo Porcine Heart.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Wall shear stress (WSS) is a critically important physical factor contributing to atherosclerosis. Mapping the spatial distribution of local, oscillatory WSS can identify important mechanisms underlying the progression of coronary artery disease.

Methods

In this study, blood flow velocity and time-varying WSS were estimated in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of an ex vivo beating porcine heart using ultrasound with an 18 MHz linear array transducer aligned with the LAD in a forward-viewing orientation. A pulsatile heart loop with physiologically-accurate flow was created using a pulsatile pump. The coronary artery wall motion was compensated using a local block matching technique. Next, 2D and 3D velocity magnitude and WSS maps in the LAD coronary artery were estimated at different time points in the cardiac cycle using an ultrafast Doppler approach. The blood flow velocity estimated using the presented approach was compared with a commercially-available, calibrated single element blood flow velocity measurement system.

Results

The resulting root mean square error (RMSE) of 2D velocity magnitude acquired from a high frequency, linear array transducer was less than 8% of the maximum velocity estimated by the commercial system.

Conclusion

When implemented in a forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound device, the presented approach will enable dynamic estimation of WSS, an indicator of plaque vulnerability in coronary arteries.

SUBMITTER: Kim S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10923141 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Dynamic Coronary Blood Flow Velocity and Wall Shear Stress Estimation Using Ultrasound in an Ex Vivo Porcine Heart.

Kim Saeyoung S Jing Bowen B Lane Brooks A BA Tempestti Jimena Martín JM Padala Muralidhar M Veneziani Alessandro A Lindsey Brooks D BD

Cardiovascular engineering and technology 20231114 1

<h4>Purpose</h4>Wall shear stress (WSS) is a critically important physical factor contributing to atherosclerosis. Mapping the spatial distribution of local, oscillatory WSS can identify important mechanisms underlying the progression of coronary artery disease.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, blood flow velocity and time-varying WSS were estimated in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of an ex vivo beating porcine heart using ultrasound with an 18 MHz linear array transducer align ...[more]

PMID: 37962814

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Project description:The physical properties of the ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the function of ovarian cells, specifically the ability of the ovary to maintain a quiescent primordial follicle pool while allowing a subset of follicles to grow and mature in the estrous cycle. Design of a long-term, cycling artificial ovary has been hindered by the limited information regarding the mechanical properties of the ovary. In particular, differences in the mechanical properties of the two ovarian compartments, the cortex and medulla, have never been quantified. Shear wave (SW) ultrasound elastography is an imaging modality that enables assessment of material properties, such as the mechanical properties, based on the velocity of SWs, and visualization of internal anatomy, when coupled with B-mode ultrasound. We used SW ultrasound elastography to assess whole, ex vivo bovine ovaries. We demonstrated, for the first time, a difference in mechanical properties, as inferred from SW velocity, between the cortex and medulla, as measured along the length (cortex: 2.57 ± 0.53 m/s, medulla: 2.87 ± 0.77 m/s, p < 0.0001) and width (cortex: 2.99 ± 0.81 m/s, medulla: 3.24 ± 0.97 m/s, p < 0.05) and that the spatial distribution and magnitude of SW velocity vary between these two anatomical planes. This work contributes to a larger body of literature assessing the mechanical properties of the ovary and related cells and specialized ECMs and will enable the rational design of biomimetic tissue engineered models and durable bioprostheses. Impact Statement Shear wave (SW) ultrasound elastography can be used to simultaneously assess the material properties and tissue structures when accompanied with B-mode ultrasound. We report a quantitative difference in mechanical properties, as inferred from SW velocity, between the cortex and medulla, with SW velocity being 11.4% and 8.4% higher in the medulla than the cortex when measured along the length and width, respectively. This investigation into the spatial and temporal variation in SW velocity in bovine ovaries will encourage and improve design of more biomimetic scaffolds for ovarian tissue engineering.

Project description:BackgroundEarly detection and treatment of tendinopathy may prevent progression to partial tears or complete rupture. Shear wave elastography (SWE) may help address the need for better tendon pathology characterization. This study aimed to quantify the effect of structural damage in an ex vivo animal tendinopathy model using SWE.MethodsForty-two porcine flexor tendons were injected with a 0.05-mL bolus of 1.5% collagenase solution to induce focal structural damage without surface tears. Control tendons were injected with saline (n = 42). Twenty-one tendons from each group were incubated at 37 °C for 3.5 h, while the remaining 21 from each group were incubated for 7 h. Each group was then divided into three groups of seven, and tendon incisions were made at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the tendon thickness. Tendons were mechanically stretched axially during simultaneous collection of SWE at the injection site.ResultsThere were significant differences in shear wave speed (SWS) (saline > collagenase) at 3.5-h incubation (p < 0.001) and 7-h incubation (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant difference in SWS between tendons cut at 25% and tendons cut at 50% and 75% (p = 0.040 and p = 0.001, respectively). Collagenase-treated tendons ruptured at a lower force than saline-treated tendons at both incubation times (both p < 0.001) when controlling for cut depth. Tendons treated with collagenase ruptured at a lower force than the saline control group at each cut thickness (all p < 0.001) controlling for incubation time.ConclusionIn a controlled ex vivo porcine model, SWE can be used to detect structural damage associated with tendinopathy.Relevance statementShear wave elastography can be used to show differences in abnormal tendons that may be translatable to clinical use as an adjunctive measure of tendon elasticity and injury.Key pointsTendon abnormality was quantitatively characterized using shear wave elastography in an ex vivo porcine experimental model. Shear wave speed was an accurate imaging biomarker for tendon health. Shear wave elastography was effective at detecting the extent of tendon damage. Tendons with decreased shear wave speed measurements rupture at smaller applied mechanical force.

Dataset Information

Dynamic Coronary Blood Flow Velocity and Wall Shear Stress Estimation Using Ultrasound in an Ex Vivo Porcine Heart.

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Dynamic Coronary Blood Flow Velocity and Wall Shear Stress Estimation Using Ultrasound in an Ex Vivo Porcine Heart.

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