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Missing Excitons: How Energy Transfer Competes with Free Charge Generation in Dilute-Donor/Acceptor Systems.

ABSTRACT: Energy transfer across the donor-acceptor interface in organic photovoltaics is usually beneficial to device performance, as it assists energy transport to the site of free charge generation. Here, we present a case where the opposite is true: dilute donor molecules in an acceptor host matrix exhibit ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET) to the host, which suppresses the free charge yield. We observe an optimal photochemical driving force for free charge generation, as detected via time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC), but with a low yield when the sensitizer is excited. Meanwhile, transient absorption shows that transferred excitons efficiently produce charge-transfer states. This behavior is well described by a competition for the excited state between long-range electron transfer that produces free charge and EET that ultimately produces only localized charge-transfer states. It cannot be explained if the most localized CT states are the intermediate between excitons and the free charge in this system.

SUBMITTER: Carr JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10928706 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Missing Excitons: How Energy Transfer Competes with Free Charge Generation in Dilute-Donor/Acceptor Systems.

Carr Joshua M JM Gish Melissa K MK Reid Obadiah G OG Rumbles Garry G

ACS energy letters 20240208 3

Energy transfer across the donor-acceptor interface in organic photovoltaics is usually beneficial to device performance, as it assists energy transport to the site of free charge generation. Here, we present a case where the opposite is true: dilute donor molecules in an acceptor host matrix exhibit ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET) to the host, which suppresses the free charge yield. We observe an optimal photochemical driving force for free charge generation, as detected via time-res ...[more]

PMID: 38482181

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Project description:A new set of [Cu(phen)2]+ based rotaxanes, featuring [60]-fullerene as an electron acceptor and a variety of electron donating moieties, namely zinc porphyrin (ZnP), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and ferrocene (Fc), has been synthesized and fully characterized with respect to electrochemical and photophysical properties. The assembly of the rotaxanes has been achieved using a slight variation of our previously reported synthetic strategy that combines the Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (the "click" or CuAAC reaction) with Sauvage's metal-template protocol. To underline our results, complementary model rotaxanes and catenanes have been prepared using the same strategy and their electrochemistry and photo-induced processes have been investigated. Insights into excited state interactions have been afforded from steady state and time resolved emission spectroscopy as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. It has been found that photo-excitation of the present rotaxanes triggers a cascade of multi-step energy and electron transfer events that ultimately leads to remarkably long-lived charge separated states featuring one-electron reduced C60 radical anion (C60?-) and either one-electron oxidized porphyrin (ZnP?+) or one-electron oxidized ferrocene (Fc?+) with lifetimes up to 61 microseconds. In addition, shorter-lived charge separated states involving one-electron oxidized copper complexes ([Cu(phen)2]2+ (? < 100 ns)), one-electron oxidized zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc?+; ? = 380-560 ns), or ZnP?+ (? = 2.3-8.4 ?s), and C60?- have been identified as intermediates during the sequence. Detailed energy diagrams illustrate the sequence and rate constants of the photophysical events occurring with the mechanically-linked chromophores. This work pioneers the exploration of mechanically-linked systems as platforms to position three distinct chromophores, which are able to absorb light over a very wide range of the visible region, triggering a cascade of short-range energy and electron transfer processes to afford long-lived charge separated states.

Dataset Information

Missing Excitons: How Energy Transfer Competes with Free Charge Generation in Dilute-Donor/Acceptor Systems.

Publications

Missing Excitons: How Energy Transfer Competes with Free Charge Generation in Dilute-Donor/Acceptor Systems.

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