Dataset Information

New plastids, old proteins: repeated endosymbiotic acquisitions in kareniacean dinoflagellates.

ABSTRACT: Dinoflagellates are a diverse group of ecologically significant micro-eukaryotes that can serve as a model system for plastid symbiogenesis due to their susceptibility to plastid loss and replacement via serial endosymbiosis. Kareniaceae harbor fucoxanthin-pigmented plastids instead of the ancestral peridinin-pigmented ones and support them with a diverse range of nucleus-encoded plastid-targeted proteins originating from the haptophyte endosymbiont, dinoflagellate host, and/or lateral gene transfers (LGT). Here, we present predicted plastid proteomes from seven distantly related kareniaceans in three genera (Karenia, Karlodinium, and Takayama) and analyze their evolutionary patterns using automated tree building and sorting. We project a relatively limited ( ~ 10%) haptophyte signal pointing towards a shared origin in the family Chrysochromulinaceae. Our data establish significant variations in the functional distributions of these signals, emphasizing the importance of micro-evolutionary processes in shaping the chimeric proteomes. Analysis of plastid genome sequences recontextualizes these results by a striking finding the extant kareniacean plastids are in fact not all of the same origin, as two of the studied species (Karlodinium armiger, Takayama helix) possess plastids from different haptophyte orders than the rest.

SUBMITTER: Novak Vanclova AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11014865 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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New plastids, old proteins: repeated endosymbiotic acquisitions in kareniacean dinoflagellates.

Novák Vanclová Anna Mg AM Nef Charlotte C Füssy Zoltán Z Vancl Adél A Liu Fuhai F Bowler Chris C Dorrell Richard G RG

EMBO reports 20240318 4

Dinoflagellates are a diverse group of ecologically significant micro-eukaryotes that can serve as a model system for plastid symbiogenesis due to their susceptibility to plastid loss and replacement via serial endosymbiosis. Kareniaceae harbor fucoxanthin-pigmented plastids instead of the ancestral peridinin-pigmented ones and support them with a diverse range of nucleus-encoded plastid-targeted proteins originating from the haptophyte endosymbiont, dinoflagellate host, and/or lateral gene tran ...[more]

PMID: 38499810

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Project description:BackgroundLarge-scale coral bleaching events have become increasingly frequent in recent years. This process occurs when corals are exposed to high temperatures and intense light stress, leading to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. The ROS buildup prompts corals to expel these symbiotic microalgae, resulting in the corals' discoloration. Reducing ROS production and enhancing detoxification processes in these microalgae are crucial to prevent the collapse of coral reef ecosystems. However, research into the cell physiology and genetics of coral symbiotic dinoflagellates has been hindered by challenges associated with cloning these microalgae.ResultsA procedure for cloning coral symbiotic dinoflagellates was developed in this study. Several species of coral symbionts were successfully cloned, with two of them further characterized. Experiments with the two species isolated from Turbinaria sp. showed that damage from light intensity at 340 μmol photons/m2/s was more severe than from high temperature at 36 °C. Additionally, preincubation in high salinity conditions activated their endogenous tolerance to bleaching stress. Pretreatment at 50 ppt salinity reduced the percentage of cells stained for ROS by 59% and 64% in the two species under bleaching stress compared to those incubated at 30 ppt. Furthermore, their Fv'/Fm' during the recovery period showed a significant improvement compared to the controls.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that intense light plays a more important role than high temperatures in coral bleaching by enhancing ROS generation in the symbiotic dinoflagellates. The findings also suggest the genomes of coral symbiotic dinoflagellates have undergone evolutionary processes to develop mechanisms, regulated by gene expression, to mitigate damages caused by high temperature and high light stress. Understanding this gene expression regulation could contribute to strengthening corals' resilience against the impact of global climate change.

Dataset Information

New plastids, old proteins: repeated endosymbiotic acquisitions in kareniacean dinoflagellates.

Publications

New plastids, old proteins: repeated endosymbiotic acquisitions in kareniacean dinoflagellates.

Similar Datasets

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