Preschool children’s asthma medication: parental knowledge, attitudes, practices, and adherence
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC11021651 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundHaving a medication available in the home is a prerequisite to medication adherence. Our objectives with this study are to assess asthma medication readiness among low-income urban minority preschool-aged children, and the association between beliefs about medications and medication readiness.MethodsDuring a baseline assessment, a research assistant visited the home to administer a caregiver survey and observe 5 criteria in the medication readiness index: the physical presence and expiration status of medications, the counter status of metered-dose inhalers, and caregiver knowledge of medication type and dosing instructions.ResultsOf 288 enrolled children (mean age 4.2 years [SD: 0.7], 92% African American, 60% boys), 277 (96%) of their caregivers reported a rescue medication, but only 79% had it in the home, and only 60% met all 5 of the medication readiness criteria. Among the 161 children prescribed a controller medication, only 79% had it in the home, and only 49% met all 5 readiness criteria. Fewer worries and concerns about medications were associated with higher odds of meeting all 5 readiness criteria for controller medications.ConclusionsInadequate availability of asthma medications in the home is a barrier to adherence among low-income urban preschoolers. Assessment of medication readiness should be incorporated into clinical care because this is an underrecognized barrier to adherence, and interventions are needed to improve medication management and knowledge to increase adherence.
| S-EPMC6317646 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the recommended first-line pharmacotherapy for pediatric anxiety disorders but adherence remains difficult to predict. OBJECTIVES:To estimate SSRI adherence in children with anxiety disorders and determine if prior parental medication adherence is predictive of child high SSRI adherence. METHODS:We identified children (3-17 y) initiating SSRI treatment after an anxiety disorder diagnosis in a commercial claims database (2005-2014). We evaluated parent SSRI, statin, and antihypertensive adherence [6-mo proportion days covered (PDC), high adherence=PDC≥0.80] in the year before child SSRI initiation. We estimated risk differences (RD) of child high SSRI adherence (6-mo PDC) stratified by parent adherence and multivariable risk ratios using modified Poisson regression. We estimated change in c-statistic and risk reclassification when adding parent-level covariates with child-level covariates to predict child adherence. RESULTS:In 70,979 children with an anxiety disorder (59%=female, 14=median age), the mean 6-month SSRI PDC was 0.72, with variation by anxiety disorder. Overall 64% of children had high adherence if their parent had high SSRI adherence versus 53% of children with parents with low SSRI adherence (RD, 12%; multivariable risk ratios, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.20). Findings were similar for parent statin (RD=10%) and antihypertensive adherence (RD=8%) and when stratified by child age and parent sex. There was minor improvement in risk reclassification and the c-statistic after adding parent adherence and parent-level covariates. CONCLUSIONS:Parental medication adherence could help providers identify children at risk of nonadherence to inform the treatment decision, reduce unnecessary medication switches, and lead to broader effective interventions.
| S-EPMC5945329 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents towards vocal hygiene for their children and explore the barriers against implementation of vocal hygiene in Chengdu, a city from mainland China.An online questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practice was available for parents to complete between March 1 and March 31, 2017. The questionnaire included 5 sections, general demographics; knowledge; attitudes; practices and barriers; and expectation. Scores were calculated for each category of knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and were compared using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests between the parents with and without a history of voice disorders. The internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach alpha coefficient. The correlations between vocal hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice were analyzed using Spearman correlation test.The questionnaire was completed by 1075 parents. There were certain misconceptions in vocal hygiene knowledge among parents, and the parents had higher level knowledge of positive factors than negative factors about vocal hygiene. Attitudes towards vocal hygiene were positive. Practices of vocal hygiene were poor. The most common barriers to implementation of vocal hygiene practices were related to lack of awareness and knowledge for this topic.The level of parental vocal hygiene knowledge, practice, and barriers suggest that carry out vocal hygiene programs extremely urgent for school-aged children and their parents.
| S-EPMC6494401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLegal guardians frequently serve as role models for their children. The habits they instill in their children may prove effective strategies for establishing healthy oral hygiene behaviors. The present study examined the factors associated with the level of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among legal guardians of preschool children in the Peruvian capital. Furthermore, the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and practices in oral health was assessed.MethodsThis cross-sectional, analytical study evaluated 560 legal guardians of preschool children from 30 private educational institutions between July and December 2022. A validated 20-question questionnaire was employed to assess legal guardians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health. Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were utilized for bivariate analysis. For multivariate analysis, a Poisson regression model with robust variance was applied using the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 82.3%, 76.2%, and 78.4% of legal guardians showed insufficient knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and incorrect practices in oral health, respectively. The results indicated that legal guardians with high school and non-university higher education were 5.62 and 4.17 times, respectively, more likely to have insufficient oral health knowledge than those with university higher education. The same legal guardians were 6.18 and 5.02 times more likely to have an unfavorable attitude towards oral health than those with a university education (APR = 6.18, 95% CI 2.88-13.26 and APR = 5.02, 95% CI 2.32-10.90, respectively). Furthermore, these legal guardians were 4.35 and 3.08 times more likely to have incorrect oral health practices compared to those with university education (APR = 4.35; 95% CI: 2.39-7.90, and APR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.66-5.69, respectively). On the other hand, legal guardians with a monthly family income of less than 270 USD were 14% and 15% less likely to have unfavorable attitudes and incorrect practices, respectively, compared to those with an income of 270 USD or more (APR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78-0.95, and APR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.77-0.93, respectively). Finally, there was a moderate direct correlation between knowledge and attitudes (Rho = 0.56, 95% CI 0.51-0.62), knowledge and practices (Rho = 0.59, 95% CI 0.53-0.65), and attitudes and practices (Rho = 0.43, 95% CI 0.36-0.50).ConclusionThe majority of legal guardians had insufficient knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and incorrect practices in oral health. High school and non-university higher education were risk factors for poor knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and incorrect practices. Having a monthly family income of less than 270 USD was a protective factor for unfavorable attitudes and incorrect practices. Finally, a moderate direct correlation was identified between legal guardians' oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
| S-EPMC11916944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThe aim of this literature review was to identify, summarize, and critically appraise available empirical articles on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards childhood fever management among South-East and East Asian parents.DesignA literature review following PRISMA.MethodsArticles were limited to those available in the English language. Articles had to be empirical studies that used a qualitative or quantitative research design with full-text available; focus on parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards fever; and be published in South-East and East Asia. Searches were conducted with CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus from inception to June 2022, and eleven articles were included after removing duplicates and excluding irrelevant articles.ResultsNarrative synthesis was conducted according to four themes: source of fever information, knowledge level, attitudes, and practices towards childhood fever. Parents showed different fever knowledge needs and various information-seeking behaviors. A low level of fever knowledge was revealed in terms of temperature, fever causes, potential harms and influencing factors. South-East and East Asian parents mainly reported anxiety, concerns and fever phobia. Fever assessment methods and fever management strategies varied based on parents' cultural background and beliefs.ConclusionsThe findings of this review highlight that inadequacy of fever knowledge and negative attitudes towards childhood fever exist in South-East and East Asian parents. Parents have diverse cultural practices during their children's febrile episodes. However, some of them conflict with current medical guidelines, as they prioritize fever and body temperature reduction. This raises questions about their effectiveness and safety. Although some of them are medically discouraged, there are others that have been proven beneficial for the symptomatic relief of childhood fever. The results indicate an urgent need to develop a cultural-sensitive educational intervention for childhood fever management among South-East and East Asian parents. Unified educational interventions are needed to address parental concerns and fever-related knowledge needs.
| S-EPMC10490995 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Medication dysphagia (MD) refers to difficulty swallowing oral medications. To cope, patients may inappropriately modify or skip medications, leading to poorer outcomes. Little is known about healthcare professionals' (HCPs') perspectives in managing MD. This study investigated pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in caring for patients with MD. An asynchronous online focus group was pilot tested in seven pharmacists, with up to two questions posted daily on an online platform over 15 days. Thematic analysis of the transcripts revealed five interrelated themes: (1) knowledge about MD; (2) management of MD; (3) expectations of patient proactivity; (4) desire for objectivity; (5) professional roles. The findings provided insight into pharmacists' KAP and may be incorporated into a full-scale study involving various HCPs.
| S-EPMC9956395 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) toward topical corticosteroids (TCs). Methods: A cross-sectional, 53-item questionnaire based study on TCs was conducted among PCPs in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January and March 2015. A maximum score of 30 was calculated for the knowledge portion. Results: Out of 420 PCPs, 336 responded (80%). Most participants (89.6%) reported prescribing TCs. The mean knowledge score was 17.14 (SD=5.48). Only 39% PCPs correctly identified that there are 7 or 4 TCs potency groups (2 different classification systems). The MBBS/MD and diploma-certified physicians scored lower than board-qualified PCPs (p less than 0.05). Family medicine physicians scored higher than general practitioners (GPs) (p less than 0.05). Hospital-based PCPs scored better than private practice PCPs (p less than 0.05). Moreover, those who felt somewhat comfortable (32.5%) in treating dermatology patients were more knowledgeable (p less than 0.05). Lastly, 76.5% of physicians were interested in attending courses on dermatologic therapies. Conclusion: Knowledge of TCs among PCPs was inadequate. Targeted educational interventions delivered by dermatologists are recommended.
| S-EPMC5541192 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundAlthough Colombia has witnessed an important decrease in malaria transmission, the disease remains a public health problem with an estimated ~10 million people currently living in areas with malaria risk and ~61,000 cases reported in 2012. This study aimed to determine and compare the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about malaria in three endemic communities of Colombia to provide the knowledge framework for development of new intervention strategies for malaria elimination.MethodsA cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted in the municipalities of Tierralta, Buenaventura and Tumaco, categorized according to high risk (HR) and moderate risk (MR) based on the annual parasite index (API). Surveys were managed using REDCap and analysed using MATLAB and GraphPad Prism.ResultsA total of 267 residents, mostly women (74%) were surveyed. Although no differences were observed on the knowledge of classical malaria symptoms between HR and MR regions, significant differences were found in knowledge and attitudes about transmission mechanisms, anti-malarial use and malaria diagnosis. Most responders in both regions (93.5% in MR, and 94.3% in HR areas) indicated use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to protect themselves from malaria, and 75.5% of responders in HR indicated they did nothing to prevent malaria transmission outdoors. Despite a high level of knowledge in the study regions, significant gaps persisted relating to practices. Self-medication and poor adherence to treatment, as well as lack of both indoor and outdoor vector control measures, were significantly associated with higher malaria risk.ConclusionsAlthough significant efforts are currently being made by the Ministry of Health to use community education as one of the main components of the control strategy, these generic education programmes may not be applicable to all endemic regions of Colombia given the substantial geographic, ethnic and cultural diversity.
| S-EPMC4113137 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Medication, antibiotics, and immunization are three major and cost-effective medical interventions but their use is balanced. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) are a cornerstone. This retrospective study aims at analyzing KAP related to these concerns among the public service population in order to establish the basis for the implementation of selective preventive actions. From a cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire-based survey among the insurees of a French mutual organization (Union Prévention Santé pour la Fonction publique, UROPS), 33 questions related to medication, antibiotics and vaccination were extracted to evaluate KAP. New variables were constituted: levels of knowledge, antibiotic misuse, proactive behavior and vaccinophobia. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to identify respondents' homogenous groups. In addition, bivariate statistical comparisons were provided and logistic regressions were carried out to identify determinants of these new variables. Public service population (workers and retired) were highly exposed to polymedication (8.7% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.0001), hypnotics overtake (24.3% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.0001), and misuse antibiotics (33.2% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.0001) despite good levels of knowledge. Proportions of vaccinophobia was low (0.8% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.0001). However, workers have different KAP than retired, without shared determinants in the 3 health domains studied. Respondents were proactive (85.8% vs. 81.6%, p < 0.0001), used multiple sources of trustworthy information and seems to be ready for the delegation of health tasks. Thus, preventive actions related to antibiotics and polymedication should be a priority in vaccination education for mutual organizations such as UROPS. Studying their insurees longitudinally could be interesting to highlight the impact of selective prevention on behaviors, through trusted health professionals (general practitioners, pharmacists…).
| S-EPMC9654407 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSplitting or crushing medications are used for dosage administration when a certain dose is not easily accessible. Understanding the splitting or crushing of medications is essential to guarantee safe medication administration since inappropriate handling might impact therapeutic efficacy, safety and patient outcomes.ObjectivesThis study intends to examine the practices, attitudes and knowledge of the Jordanian population regarding the splitting/crushing of medications.Study design and settingThis is a cross-sectional survey study conducted in Jordan between November 2022 and March 2023. The questionnaire tool was adapted from previous literature, and binary logistic regression analysis was used, to identify the predictors of participants' knowledge concerning medication splitting/crushing.ParticipantsA total of 1259 participants from the general public were involved, without restrictions on gender or age.ResultsAround 22.2% of participants confirmed that tablet splitting/crushing is a useful way to reduce medication costs. 67.0% reported that they are not sure whether tablets are suitable for splitting/crushing/crushing. 75.8% reported that they refer to package leaflet information to check whether tablets are suitable for splitting/crushing. 84.8% correctly believed that scored tablets can be split, while unscored tablets cannot. 72.0% identified correctly that not all types of tablets and capsules can be split/crushed or dissolved. The mean knowledge score of study participants was 2.7 (SD: 1.5) out of 6, which is equal to 45% of the maximum attainable score and reflects a weak level of knowledge about tablet crushing. Those who hold a bachelor's degree and have an income level of JD500-JD1000 (which is equal to US$715-US$1428) were more likely to have knowledge about tablet crushing. Around 39.2% of the participants reported that they had split or crushed tablets to reach their desired dose, of which the vast majority (82.9%) were using scored tablets.ConclusionUnderstanding of tablet-splitting and crushing techniques ought to be enhanced while encouraging prescribing practices that stress safety and well-informed decision-making. Patients should actively seek reliable sources of information, have an awareness of which tablets can be safely divided and actively engage with healthcare experts to receive appropriate guidance.
| S-EPMC11575342 | biostudies-literature