Project description:The monotypic genus Buobellenden Yin & Nomura, 2009 is placed as a junior synonym of Bellenden Chandler, 2001. This act results in Bellenden jingyuanensis (Yin & Nomura), comb. n. (from Buobellenden). A new species, Bellenden siguniang Yin & Jang, sp. n., collected from the alpine area in Sichuan, SW China, is described, illustrated, and distinguished from all congeners. A new illustration of the aedeagus of Buobellenden jingyuanensis is given.
Project description:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation of an aggregated isoform of the prion protein (PrP). This pathological isoform, termed PrP(Sc), appears to be the primary component of the TSE infectious agent or prion. However, it is not clear to what extent other protein cofactors may be involved in TSE pathogenesis or whether there are PrP(Sc)-associated proteins which help to determine TSE strain-specific disease phenotypes. We enriched PrP(Sc) from the brains of mice infected with either 22L or Chandler TSE strains and examined the protein content of these samples using nanospray LC-MS/MS. These samples were compared with "mock" PrP(Sc) preparations from uninfected brains. PrP was the major component of the infected samples and ferritin was the most abundant impurity. Mock enrichments contained no detectable PrP but did contain a significant amount of ferritin. Of the total proteins identified, 32% were found in both mock and infected samples. The similarities between PrP(Sc) samples from 22L and Chandler TSE strains suggest that the non-PrP(Sc) protein components found in standard enrichment protocols are not strain specific.
Project description:Douglas fir trees presumable stimulate nitrification in the soil. We studied in 21 French Douglas fir forests if and how nitrification is modulated by soil properties, past land use and current forest management. Soil (0-10?cm depth) was collected and initial concentrations of N-NH4+ and N-NO3-, potential net nitrogen mineralization (PNM) and net nitrification (PNN) rates and microbial biomass were measured. At 11 of the 21 sites, annual nitrate fluxes in the soil were measured using anion exchange resin bags. Soils contained between 2.3 to 29.4 mg N-NO3- kg soil-1. About 86% (±14%) of mineral N was nitrate. The proportion of nitrate increased to almost 100% during incubation. PNN varied from 0.10?mg?N kg soil-1 day-1 to 1.05?mg?N kg soil-1 day-1 (21 sites). Neither the initial nitrate concentration nor PNN was related to soil chemistry (pH, % C, %N, P, CEC), microbial biomass, texture, past land use or thinning. In situ net nitrate accumulation (NNA) estimated with resins beds varied from 4 to 100 kg N-NO3- ha-1 yr-1 (11 sites). It was positively correlated with base saturation, clay content, ELLENBERG N, temperature and negatively with soil organic N, C/N ratio and precipitation.