Project description:In Barcelona, Advanced Stop Lines (ASL) for motorcycles, were implemented since 2009. This paper aims to describe the process followed in determining the best statistical model to analyse the effectiveness of ASL in preventing road traffic injury collisions. A quasi-experimental design of an evaluation study of an intervention with comparison group was performed.•The starting model is the Poisson regression model, including type of area (ASL, comparison zone), period (pre and post-intervention), linear trend of the number of collisions, period and type of area interaction, as explanatory variables.•Various models are tested to correct existing overdispersion in the starting model: Poisson -Lognormal, Poisson- Gamma, Zero-Inflated Poisson, Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial, Hurdle model with Poisson distribution and with Negative Binomial distribution. To select the best model the Akaike Information Criterion is used. The final model is the Poisson-lognormal, adding the area as random factor (for each area repeated measures for different years are available).•The coefficients of the model parameters are interpreted in terms of relatives risks (RR), and the percentage change in the number of collisions is estimated in the post regards the pre-intervention period, from the RRs (- (1-RR)), to quantify the impact of ASL. The interaction allows assessment of whether the effect of the intervention differed between ASL and comparison zones.

| S-EPMC8374264 | biostudies-literature

Soil Metagenome from World Olive Germplasm Bank

Project description:Soil microbiome from World Olive Germplasm Collection (WOGC, IFAPA, Cordoba, Spain)

| PRJNA498945 | ENA

Quality and Safety in Healthcare for Medical Students: Challenges and the Road Ahead.

Project description:Background: The development of skills, behaviors and attitudes regarding patient safety is of utmost importance for promoting safety culture for the next generation of health professionals. This study describes our experience of implementing a course on patient safety and quality improvement for fourth year medical students in Mexico during the COVID-19 outbreak. The course comprised essential knowledge based on the patient safety curriculum provided by the WHO. We also explored perceptions and attitudes of students regarding patient safety. Methods: Fourth year medical students completed a questionnaire regarding knowledge, skills, and attitudes on patient safety and quality improvement in medical care. The questionnaire was voluntarily answered online prior to and after the course. Results: In total, 213 students completed the questionnaires. Most students were able to understand medical error, recognize failure and the nature of causation, perform root-cause analysis, and appreciate the role of patient safety interventions. Conversely, a disapproving perspective prevailed among students concerning the preventability of medical errors, utility of reporting systems, just culture and infrastructure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found students had a positive perspective concerning learning quality in healthcare and patient safety during our course; nevertheless, their perception of the usefulness of reporting systems to prevent future adverse events and prevent medical errors is uncomplimentary. Medical education should promote error reporting and just culture to change the current perception of medical students.

| S-EPMC7768411 | biostudies-literature

Development aid contracts database: World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and EuropeAid.

Project description:This article presents a global database of government contracts funded by the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank and EuropeAid, principally from the years 2000-2017. The contract-level data were directly collected from the official contract publication sites of these organisations using webscraping methods. While the source publication formats are diverse both over time and across publishers, we standardized and harmonized the datasets so that they can be analysed jointly. The datasets contain key information on the contracting parties (e.g. buyer and supplier names) the contract's content (e.g. contract value and product description) and details of the contracting process (e.g. contract award date or the procedure followed). In addition, it also contains information on the development aid projects of the contracts (e.g. project title and value). The data has wide reuse potential for researchers looking for detailed micro-level information on how major development aid spending takes place and what impacts it has. This database underlies the research article "Anti-corruption in aid-funded procurement: Is corruption reduced or merely displaced?" [1] which develops corruption risk indicators using the dataset presented.

| S-EPMC9019226 | biostudies-literature

Reflective Practice: How the World Bank Explored Its Own Biases?

Project description:While many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Health organization (WHO), uniquely the World Bank in its 2015 World Development Report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. Here, we describe the World Bank's study design, including experiments to ascertain the impact on Bank staff's judgements of complexity, confirmation bias, sunk cost bias, and an understanding of the wishes of those whom they seek to help. We then review the Bank's proposed mechanisms to minimise the impact of the biases they identified. We argue that this approach, that we refer to as 'reflective practice,' deserves to be adopted more widely among institutions that seek to use evidence from research to inform policy and practice.

| S-EPMC4737545 | biostudies-other

Groundwater quality and food safety

Project description:Assessing the groundwater quality at a Saudi Arabian agricultural site and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens on irrigated food produce

| PRJEB9501 | ENA

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