Dataset Information

The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people and lives, and vaccination was the safest and most effective strategy to prevent and mitigate the burden of this disease. The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam in 2021 was unprecedentedly challenging in scale and complexity, yet economic evidence on the cost of delivery vaccines thought the program was lacking.

Methods

This retrospective costing study utilized a bottom-up, ingredient-based approach to estimate the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam in 2021, from a payer perspective. The study included 38 study sites across all administrative and implementation level, including three geographic areas and two delivery strategies, in two provinces, Hanoi and Dak Lak. The study findings were complemented with qualitative interviews with health staff and stakeholders.

Results

The economic cost to deliver one COVID-19 vaccine dose was $1.73, mostly comprised of opportunity costs ($1.14 per dose) which were driven by labor costs ($1.12 per dose). The delivery cost in urban areas was the highest ($2.02), followed by peri-urban areas ($1.45) and remote areas ($1.37). Delivery costs were higher at temporary sites ($1.78) when compared to facility-based delivery ($1.63). Comparing low-volume and high-volume periods showed that the delivery cost decreased significantly as volume increased, from $5.24 per dose to $1.65 per dose.

Conclusions

The study estimates the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam in 2021. Enabling factors and challenges during the implementation of the program were explored. Study limitations may lead to underestimation of results and reduce generalizability.

SUBMITTER: Nguyen VM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11232236 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam.

Nguyen Van Minh VM Moi Flavia F Boonstoppel Laura L Duong Hong Thi HT Vien Chien Chinh CC Van Hoang Minh M

BMC health services research 20240708 1

<h4>Background</h4>The COVID-19 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people and lives, and vaccination was the safest and most effective strategy to prevent and mitigate the burden of this disease. The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam in 2021 was unprecedentedly challenging in scale and complexity, yet economic evidence on the cost of delivery vaccines thought the program was lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective costing study utilized a bottom-up, ingredient-based app ...[more]

PMID: 38977967

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Project description:BackgroundDetailed cost evaluations of delivery of new vaccines such as pneumococcal conjugate, human papillomavirus (HPV), and rotavirus vaccines in low and middle-income countries are scarce. This paper differs from others by comparing the costs of introducing multiple vaccines in a single country and then assessing the financial and economic impact at the time and implications for the future. The objective of the analysis was to understand the introduction and delivery cost per dose or per child of the three new vaccines in Rwanda to inform domestic and external financial resource mobilization.MethodsStart-up, recurrent, and capital costs from a government perspective were collected in 2012. Since pneumococcal conjugate and HPV vaccines had already been introduced, cost data for those vaccines were collected retrospectively while prospective (projected) costing was done for rotavirus vaccine.ResultsThe financial unit cost per fully immunized child (or girl for HPV vaccine) of delivering 3 doses of each vaccine (without costs related to vaccine procurement) was $0.37 for rotavirus (RotaTeq(®)) vaccine, $0.54 for pneumococcal (Prevnar(®)) vaccine in pre-filled syringes, and $10.23 for HPV (Gardasil (®)) vaccine. The financial delivery costs of Prevnar(®) and RotaTeq(®) were similar since both were delivered using existing health system infrastructure to deliver infant vaccines at health centers. The total financial cost of delivering Gardasil(®) was higher than those of the two infant vaccines due to greater resource requirements associated with creating a new vaccine delivery system in for a new target population of 12-year-old girls who have not previously been served by the existing routine infant immunization program.ConclusionThe analysis indicates that service delivery strategies have an important influence on costs of introducing new vaccines and costs per girl reached with HPV vaccine are higher than the other two vaccines because of its delivery strategy. Documented information on financial commitments for new vaccines, particularly from government sources, is a useful input into country policy dialogue on sustainable financing and co-financing of new vaccines, as well as for policy decisions by donors such as Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.

Project description:IntroductionThe maternal vaccine landscape is expanding, including the anticipated global rollout of the now approved respiratory syncytial virus maternal vaccine. Integrating maternal immunization (MI) into health systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) will require adaptation to existing immunization delivery platforms and have cost implications. In this study, we project the cost of maternal vaccine introduction and delivery in Ghana and Mozambique to help inform introduction decisions and ensure financial sustainability of future MI interventions.MethodsWe used an activity-based prospective cost projection approach to estimate MI introduction and delivery costs for a five-year period from a health system perspective. Country stakeholders informed the strategies for MI delivery. Interviews with key immunization and maternal health program representatives informed on the anticipated health system adaptation requirements, activities, and resource needs taken into account in the cost projections. Supplementary data from a sample of sub-national health administrative units, vaccine stores, and health facilities also informed the costing analysis. Financial and economic costs are estimated and presented in 2023 USD units.ResultsNew maternal vaccines in both countries are anticipated to be delivered leveraging the existing maternal tetanus vaccine delivery practices. The non-vaccine cost of delivering one dose of maternal vaccine was estimated at $3.42 (financial) and $4.12 (economic) in Ghana, and $1.84 (financial) and $2.21 (economic) in Mozambique. Health worker training, communication and social mobilization, and program planning and coordination constitute the main cost drivers. Cost differences between countries are partly driven by the anticipated baseline coverage and baseline health system capacity gaps.DiscussionVery few studies exist on the costs of delivering maternal vaccine in LMICs. This study begins to fill this gap. These MI cost projections are comparable to other new vaccine introduction costs in similar settings, providing insights for local and global stakeholders seeking to understand costs of MI delivery.

Dataset Information

The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam.

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