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Plant roots affect free-living diazotroph communities in temperate grassland soils despite decades of fertilization.

ABSTRACT: Fixation of atmospheric N₂ by free-living diazotrophs accounts for an important proportion of nitrogen naturally introduced to temperate grasslands. The effect of plants or fertilization on the general microbial community has been extensively studied, yet an understanding of the potential combinatorial effects on the community structure and activity of free-living diazotrophs is lacking. In this study we provide a multilevel assessment of the single and interactive effects of different long-term fertilization treatments, plant species and vicinity to roots on the free-living diazotroph community in relation to the general microbial community in grassland soils. We sequenced the dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) and the 16S rRNA genes of bulk soil and root-associated compartments (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane and root) of two grass species (Arrhenatherum elatius and Anthoxanthum odoratum) and two herb species (Galium album and Plantago lanceolata) growing in Austrian grassland soils treated with different fertilizers (N, P, NPK) since 1960. Overall, fertilization has the strongest effect on the diazotroph and general microbial community structure, however with vicinity to the root, the plant effect increases. Despite the long-term fertilization, plants strongly influence the diazotroph communities emphasizing the complexity of soil microbial communities' responses to changing nutrient conditions in temperate grasslands.

SUBMITTER: Dietrich M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11237082 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plant roots affect free-living diazotroph communities in temperate grassland soils despite decades of fertilization.

Dietrich Marlies M Panhölzl Christopher C Angel Roey R Giguere Andrew T AT Randi Dania D Hausmann Bela B Herbold Craig W CW Pötsch Erich M EM Schaumberger Andreas A Eichorst Stephanie A SA Woebken Dagmar D

Communications biology 20240711 1

Fixation of atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> by free-living diazotrophs accounts for an important proportion of nitrogen naturally introduced to temperate grasslands. The effect of plants or fertilization on the general microbial community has been extensively studied, yet an understanding of the potential combinatorial effects on the community structure and activity of free-living diazotrophs is lacking. In this study we provide a multilevel assessment of the single and interactive effects of differen ...[more]

PMID: 38987659

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Project description:Recent studies have revealed diverse RNA viral communities in soils. Yet, how environmental factors influence soil RNA viruses remains largely unknown. Here, we recovered RNA viral communities from bulk metatranscriptomes sequenced from grassland soils managed for 5 years under multiple environmental conditions including water content, plant presence, cultivar type, and soil depth. More than half of the unique RNA viral contigs (64.6%) were assigned with putative hosts. About 74.7% of these classified RNA viral contigs are known as eukaryotic RNA viruses suggesting eukaryotic RNA viruses may outnumber prokaryotic RNA viruses by nearly three times in this grassland. Of the identified eukaryotic RNA viruses and the associated eukaryotic species, the most dominant taxa were Mitoviridae with an average relative abundance of 72.4%, and their natural hosts, Fungi with an average relative abundance of 56.6%. Network analysis and structural equation modeling support that soil water content, plant presence, and type of cultivar individually demonstrate a significant positive impact on eukaryotic RNA viral richness directly as well as indirectly on eukaryotic RNA viral abundance via influencing the co-existing eukaryotic members. A significant negative influence of soil depth on soil eukaryotic richness and abundance indirectly impacts soil eukaryotic RNA viral communities. These results provide new insights into the collective influence of multiple environmental and community factors that shape soil RNA viral communities and offer a structured perspective of how RNA virus diversity and ecology respond to environmental changes.ImportanceClimate change has been reshaping the soil environment as well as the residing microbiome. This study provides field-relevant information on how environmental and community factors collectively shape soil RNA communities and contribute to ecological understanding of RNA viral survival under various environmental conditions and virus-host interactions in soil. This knowledge is critical for predicting the viral responses to climate change and the potential emergence of biothreats.

Dataset Information

Plant roots affect free-living diazotroph communities in temperate grassland soils despite decades of fertilization.

Publications

Plant roots affect free-living diazotroph communities in temperate grassland soils despite decades of fertilization.

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