Association between Circulating T Cells and the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Individuals: Findings from a Pilot Study
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Vivek S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11241708 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundDisruptions in sleep related to mealtime may contribute to gut microbial imbalances, and put individuals at higher risk for metabolic diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationships between late-night eating habits and sleep quality and duration, with gut microbiota (GM) profiles.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 36 men referred to a clinic were enrolled. In addition to demographic information, each participant completed questionnaires regarding medical history, physical activity, late-night eating habits, sleep quality and sleep duration. The scores from these questionnaires were used to categorize study participants into the following groups: sleep quality (good or poor), late-night eating (yes or no) and sleep duration (<7 or ≥7 hours). Five grams of stool was also obtained from each participant for GM profiling analysis by sequencing.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 42.1 ± 1.6 years. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two dominant phyla present in all participant samples. Differences in the relative abundance of GM at each taxonomic rank between study groups were insignificant. Only Erysipelotrichales at the order level were found to be significantly different between individuals who had late-night eating habits and those who did not (P & q < 0.05). No other parameter demonstrated a significant difference in GM profiles of participants.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we found Erysipelotrichales to be more abundant in individuals with late-night eating habits. Studies with higher sample sizes are warranted to better delineate the possible effects of time of eating on microbial composition.
| S-EPMC11904296 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: The gut microecosystem is the largest microecosystem in the human body and has been proven to be linked to neurological diseases. The main objective of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiome, investigate the differences between epilepsy patients and healthy controls, and evaluate the potential efficacy of the fecal microbiome as a diagnostic tool for epilepsy. Design: We collected 74 fecal samples from epilepsy patients (Eps, n = 24) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 50) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and subjected the samples to 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing and analysis. We set up a train set and a test set, identified the optimal microbial markers for epilepsy after characterizing the gut microbiome in the former and built a diagnostic model, then validated it in the validation group. Results: There were significant differences in microbial communities between the two groups. The α-diversity of the HCs was higher than that of the epilepsy group, but the Venn diagram showed that there were more unique operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the epilepsy group. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota increased significantly in Eps, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota increased in HCs. Compared with HCs, Eps were enriched in 23 genera, including Faecalibacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Subdoligranulum and Enterobacteriaceae-unclassified. In contrast, 59 genera including Bacteroides, Megamonas, Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae-unclassified and Blautia increased in the HCs. In Spearman correlation analysis, age, WBC, RBC, PLT, ALB, CREA, TBIL, Hb and Urea were positively correlated with most of the different OTUs. Seizure-type, course and frequency are negatively correlated with most of the different OTUs. In addition, twenty-two optimal microbial markers were identified by a fivefold cross-validation of the random forest model. In the established train set and test set, the area under the curve was 0.9771 and 0.993, respectively. Conclusion: Our study was the first to characterize the gut microbiome of Eps and HCs in central China and demonstrate the potential efficacy of microbial markers as a noninvasive biological diagnostic tool for epilepsy.
| S-EPMC8777111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe microbiota-gut-brain axis is an intricate communication network that is emerging as a key modulator of psychological and physiological wellbeing. Recent pioneering work in the field has suggested a possible link between gut microbiome composition with sleep, an evolutionarily conserved behavior demonstrated to play a critical role in health. This study is the first to address relationships between self-reported sleep habits and gut microbiome composition in young, healthy individuals.MethodsA total of 28 young, healthy subjects (17 males/11 females; 29.8 ± 10.4 years) that were free of metabolic or cardiovascular disease, and that did not take sleep medication or antibiotics within the past six months were included in the study. Relationships between self-reported sleep quality, obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with microbial diversity (Shannon Index), the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and select bacterial taxa were assessed.ResultsAlpha diversity (r = -0.50) and F/B ratio (r = -0.47) were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with the PSQI score. Ten bacterial taxa were associated (P < 0.05) with the PSQI score, including genus-level Blautia (r = -0.57), Ruminococcus (r = -0.39), and Prevotella (r = 0.39).ConclusionsIn young healthy individuals, self-reported sleep quality was positively associated with microbial diversity. We also observed a positive association between sleep quality with F/B ratio, seemingly due to a greater relative abundance of Blautia and Ruminococcus (Firmicutes) and lower proportions of Prevotella (Bacteroidetes) in individuals reporting superior sleep quality. Future studies are encouraged to evaluate mechanistic links between the gut microbiome with sleep, as well as the health implications of this relationship.
| S-EPMC7487045 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), which is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the colon, results from a complex interaction of factors involving the host, environment, and microbiome. The present study aimed to investigate the gut microbial composition and metabolic variations in patients with UC and their spouses. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 13 healthy spouses and couples with UC. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics sequencing were used to analyze gut microbiota composition, pathways, gene expression, and enzyme activity, followed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Results: We found that the microbiome diversity of couples with UC decreased, especially that of UC patients. Bacterial composition, such as Firmicutes, was altered between UC patients and healthy controls, but was not significantly different between UC patients and their spouses. This has also been observed in pathways, such as metabolism, genetic information processing, organismal systems, and human diseases. However, the genes and enzymes of spouses with UC were not significantly different from those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, the presence of Faecalibacterium correlated with oxidative phosphorylation, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and the bacterial secretion system, showed a marked decline in the UC group compared with their spouses, but did not vary between healthy couples. Conclusion: Our study revealed that cohabitation with UC patients decreased differences in the gut microbiome between healthy individuals and patients. Not only was the composition and diversity of the microbiota diminished, but active pathways also showed some decline. Furthermore, Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium, and the four related pathways may be associated with the pathological state of the host rather than with human behavior.
| S-EPMC11017998 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The LEPR (leptin receptor) genotype is associated with obesity. Gut microbiome composition differs between obese and non-obese adults. However, the impact of LEPR genotype on gut microbiome composition in humans has not yet been studied. In this study, the association between LEPR single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1173100, rs1137101, and rs790419) and the gut microbiome composition in 65 non-obese Korean adults was investigated. Leptin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured in all participants. Mean ± SD (standard deviation) of age, body mass index, and leptin hormone levels of participants was 35.2 ± 8.1 years, 21.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2, and 7989.1 ± 6687.4 pg/mL, respectively. Gut microbiome analysis was performed at the phylum level by 16S rRNA sequencing. Among the 11 phyla detected, only one showed significantly different relative abundances between LEPR genotypes. The relative abundance of Candidatus Saccharibacteria was higher in the G/A genotype group than in the G/G genotype group for the rs1137101 single nucleotide polymorphism (p=0.0322). Participant characteristics, including body mass index, leptin levels, and other lipid levels, were similar between the rs1137101 G/G and G/A genotypes. In addition, the relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Tenericutes showed significant positive relationship with plasma leptin concentrations (p=0.0036 and p=0.0000, respectively). In conclusion, LEPR genotype and gut microbiome may be associated even in normal-weight Korean adults. However, further studies with a greater number of obese adults are needed to confirm whether LEPR genotype is related to gut microbiome composition.
| S-EPMC10762272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Colorectal polyps serve as the primary precursors for colorectal cancer. A close relationship has been observed between colorectal polyps and gut microbiota. However, the composition and role of the microbiome associated with tubular adenoma are not well understood. In this study, we prospectively evaluated alterations in gut microbiota among patients with colorectal polyps. A total of 60 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 30 patients with colorectal polyps (CP group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to characterize the gut microbiome in fecal samples. The results revealed that the beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the CP group significantly differs from that of the control group (p = 0.001). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria was higher in the CP group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was higher in the control group in comparison to the CP group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides increased in the CP group (p < 0.05), while Bifidobacterium declined in the CP group (p < 0.05). At the species level, the abundance of Clostridium perfringens, unidentified_Bacteroides, unidentified_Dorea, Escherichia coli, Clostridium ramosum, and Ruminococcus gnavus was higher (p < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, unclassified_Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium longum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and unidentified_Bifidobacterium is lower in CP group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was a structural imbalance in the composition of intestinal colonization flora for CP patients, characterized by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria. Escherichia, Shigella, and Bacteroides may serve as promising biomarkers for early detection of colorectal polyps.
| S-EPMC11871317 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fetal macrosomia is defined as a birthweight ≥4000 g and causes harm to pregnant women and fetuses. Studies reported that the maternal intestinal microbiome plays a key role in the establishment, growth, and development of the fetal intestinal microbiome. However, whether there is a relationship between maternal gut microbiota and macrosomia remains unclear. Our study aimed to identify gut microbiota that may be related to the occurrence of macrosomia, explore the possible mechanisms by which it causes macrosomia, and establish a prediction model to determine the feasibility of predicting macrosomia by early maternal gut microbiota. We conducted a nested case-control study based on an early pregnancy cohort (ChiCTR1900020652) in the Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province on fecal samples of 93 women (31 delivered macrosomia as the case group and 62 delivered normal birth weight newborns as the control group) collected and included in this study. We performed metagenomic analysis to compare the composition and function of the gut microbiome between cases and controls. Correlation analysis was used to explore the association of differential species and differential functional pathways. A random forest model was used to construct an early pregnancy prediction model for macrosomia. At the species level, there were more Bacteroides salyersiae, Bacteroides plebeius, Ruminococcus lactaris, and Bacteroides ovatus in the intestinal microbiome of macrosomias' mothers compared with mothers bearing fetuses that had normal birth weight. Functional pathways of the gut microbiome including gondoate biosynthesis, L-histidine degradation III, cis-vaccenate biosynthesis, L-arginine biosynthesis III, tRNA processing, and mannitol cycle, which were more abundant in the macrosomia group. Significant correlations were found between species and functional pathways. Bacteroides plebeius was significantly associated with the pathway of cis-vaccenate biosynthesis (r = 0.28, p = 0.005) and gondoate biosynthesis (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) and Bacteroides ovatus was positively associated with the pathway of cis-vaccenate biosynthesis (r = 0.29, p = 0.005) and gondoate biosynthesis (r = 0.32, p = 0.002). Bacteroides salyersiae was significantly associated with the pathway of cis-vaccenate biosynthesis (r = 0.24, p = 0.018), gondoate biosynthesis (r = 0.31, p = 0.003), and L-histidine degradation III (r = 0.22, p = 0.291). Finally, four differential species and four clinical indicators were included in the random forest model for predicting macrosomia. The areas under the working characteristic curves of the training and validation sets were 0.935 (95% CI: 0.851~0.979) and 0.909 (95% CI: 0.679~0.992), respectively. Maternal gut microbiota in early pregnancy may play an important role in the development of macrosomia and can be used as potential predictors to prevent macrosomia.
| S-EPMC11351347 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMetformin is a widely used first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite its advantages, metformin has variable therapeutic effects, contraindications, and side effects. Here, for the very first time, we investigate the short-term effect of metformin on the composition of healthy human gut microbiota.MethodsWe used an exploratory longitudinal study design in which the first sample from an individual was the control for further samples. Eighteen healthy individuals were treated with metformin (2 × 850 mg) for 7 days. Stool samples were collected at three time points: prior to administration, 24 hours and 7 days after metformin administration. Taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome was analyzed by massive parallel sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (V3 region).ResultsThere was a significant reduction of inner diversity of gut microbiota observed already 24 hours after metformin administration. We observed an association between the severity of gastrointestinal side effects and the increase in relative abundance of common gut opportunistic pathogen Escherichia-Shigella spp. One week long treatment with metformin was associated with a significant decrease in the families Peptostreptococcaceae and Clostridiaceae_1 and four genera within these families.ConclusionsOur results are in line with previous findings on the capability of metformin to influence gut microbiota. However, for the first time we provide evidence that metformin has an immediate effect on the gut microbiome in humans. It is likely that this effect results from the increase in abundance of opportunistic pathogens and further triggers the occurrence of side effects associated with the observed dysbiosis. An additional randomized controlled trial would be required in order to reach definitive conclusions, as this is an exploratory study without a placebo control arm. Our findings may be further used to create approaches that improve the tolerability of metformin.
| S-EPMC6160085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesGut-produced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is postulated as a possible link between red meat intake and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether gut microbiome could modify associations of dietary precursors with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers among free-living individuals.DesignWe collected up to two pairs of faecal samples (n=925) and two blood samples (n=473), 6 months apart, from 307 healthy men in the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study. Diet was assessed repeatedly using food-frequency questionnaires and diet records. We profiled faecal metagenome and metatranscriptome using shotgun sequencing and identified microbial taxonomic and functional features.ResultsTMAO concentrations were associated with the overall microbial compositions (permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) test p=0.001). Multivariable taxa-wide association analysis identified 10 bacterial species whose abundance was significantly associated with plasma TMAO concentrations (false discovery rate <0.05). Higher habitual intake of red meat and choline was significantly associated with higher TMAO concentrations among participants who were microbial TMAO-producers (p<0.05), as characterised based on four abundant TMAO-predicting species, but not among other participants (for red meat, P-interaction=0.003; for choline, P-interaction=0.03). Among abundant TMAO-predicting species, Alistipes shahii significantly strengthened the positive association between red meat intake and HbA1c levels (P-interaction=0.01). Secondary analyses revealed that some functional features, including choline trimethylamine-lyase activating enzymes, were associated with TMAO concentrations.ConclusionWe identified microbial taxa that were associated with TMAO concentrations and modified the associations of red meat intake with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers. Our data underscore the interplay between diet and gut microbiome in producing potentially bioactive metabolites that may modulate cardiometabolic health.
| S-EPMC8553812 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract t(14;18)-positive cells can be detected not only in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) but also in healthy individuals (HIs). We used epidemiological data and blood samples of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) to analyze associations of FL risk factors and t(14;18)-positive cells in HIs. Buffy coat samples from 4152 study participants were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for t(14;18)-positive cells. Of 3966 evaluable subjects, 1526 were t(14;18)-PCR positive [38.5%, median 3.9 t(14;18)-positive per million nucleated cells, range 0.6-9299]. In multivariable analyses, age and sex but not parameters of smoking exposure were significantly associated with t(14;18) prevalence (logistic regression, p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses of t(14;18)-frequency showed a positive association with age but not with sex or smoking. These age and sex associations in HIs require careful control in future studies of t(14;18) as a potential biomarker of lymphoma risk.
| S-EPMC4444076 | biostudies-literature