Ulcerative colitis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ghosh S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1127254 | biostudies-literature | 2000 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon, and its incidence is rising worldwide. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, epithelial barrier defects, dysregulated immune responses, and environmental factors. Patients with ulcerative colitis have mucosal inflammation starting in the rectum that can extend continuously to proximal segments of the colon. Ulcerative colitis usually presents with bloody diarrhoea and is diagnosed by colonoscopy and histological findings. The aim of management is to induce and then maintain remission, defined as resolution of symptoms and endoscopic healing. Treatments for ulcerative colitis include 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressants. Some patients can require colectomy for medically refractory disease or to treat colonic neoplasia. The therapeutic armamentarium for ulcerative colitis is expanding, and the number of drugs with new targets will rapidly increase in coming years.
| S-EPMC6487890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mucosa-associated microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis
| PRJEB31884 | ENA
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2018-04-01 | GSE107597 | GEO
Project description:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) worldwide. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of UC has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents that target specific mediators of the inflammatory cascade. A number of biological agents have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of UC and several more are currently in various phases of drug development. The commonly used agents include TNFα antagonists (e.g. infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab) and anti-integrin agents (vedolizumab). These biological agents have profoundly influenced the management of UC patients, especially those with refractory disease. This paper reviews the currently available knowledge and evidence for the use of various biological agents in the treatment of UC.
| S-EPMC4423460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic condition requiring lifelong medication to minimize the incidence of symptomatic flares. Nevertheless, studies have shown that a large proportion of patients are nonadherent to their prescribed therapeutic regimen. This review examines studies of patient adherence to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy in real world settings and considers the reasons that patients do not adhere to medication. Patients offer numerous reasons for not taking medication as prescribed; however, neither clinical nor community studies have consistently identified the same groups of patients as being high risk for poor adherence. Indeed, the problem of nonadherence is complex and requires a combination of strategies to be improved. Physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners need to take the time to explain the importance of continual therapy, even when patients feel well, and should engage patients in a discussion to aid in the understanding of their nonadherence. Then, healthcare providers can determine how to best amend the regimen to improve adherence. As taking several tablets several times daily may be confusing or difficult for patients, higher strength 5-ASA formulations that require fewer daily doses have the potential to enhance patient adherence as part of an overall management strategy.
| S-EPMC3104162 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly divided into 2 entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Differentiating between these entities when dealing with IBD confined to the colon is important, especially when planning surgical treatment. Due to ambiguous histological or endoscopic findings, accurate diagnosis is not possible in up to 15% of cases. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) can help differentiate Crohn's colitis (CC) from ulcerative colitis. Methods:Patients with isolated CC and with UC were enrolled in our study from January 2010 to May 2016. Peripheral blood was collected, and total RNA was isolated from plasma. Screening was performed for 380 common miRNAs. miRNAs that were differentially expressed between these 2 groups were chosen, and their differential expression was confirmed using single miRNA assays in a larger sample size. A predictive model was generated using these data. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were then validated utilizing the predictive model to assess blinded data from the single assays. Results:Screening was performed on 8 patients from each group. Seven differentially expressed miRNAs were chosen for single assay confirmation. Two miRNAs (miR-598, miR-642) were consistently different between the patient groups (P = 0.013, P = 0.005). Using blinded data, these 2 miRNAs were validated using the predictive model, achieving an overall accuracy of 75% (95% confidence interval, 40.7-92.9). Conclusions:We identified 2 plasma miRNAs that differentiated CC from UC. Our data indicate the promise and feasibility of a plasma miRNA-based assay to distinguish between these 2 conditions.
| S-EPMC5858028 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDue to wide-ranging impacts of Ulcerative Colitis (UC), regulatory authorities emphasize the importance of including validated patient-reported symptom severity measures in clinical trials.AimTo describe the development and validation of the Ulcerative Colitis-Symptom Questionnaire (UC-SQ).MethodsThe UC-SQ was developed in a qualitative study involving a targeted literature review, semi-structured concept elicitation interviews, and combined concept elicitation/cognitive interviews. Measurement properties, including item-level analyses, factor structure, reliability, validity, responsiveness, and clinically meaningful change were evaluated using data from a phase 2b, randomized trial in adults with UC (N = 113).ResultsFourteen symptom concepts were elicited across 22 interviews, with saturation at the fifth interview. Twenty-two items were unmodified as cognitive interview participants interpreted underlying concepts correctly. Instructions were clear and items were relevant, with appropriate response options and recall periods. Reduction to 17 items was completed prior to psychometric testing. Two items (joint pain/constipation) did not contribute to reliability in initial testing and were included as non-scored items. The 15-item UC-SQ showed evidence of internal consistency (α = 0.86) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88). The UC-SQ discriminated by disease severity as defined by Mayo and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores (p < 0.0001). Convergent validity was supported by strong correlations with criterion measures. The UC-SQ was responsive in patients indicating change in other measures. A 10-point decrease from baseline indicated within-patient meaningful improvement.ConclusionsThe UC-SQ is reliable, valid and responsive, with a 10-point improvement estimating within-patient clinically meaningful improvement. The tool is fit-for-purpose as a key endpoint in pivotal UC trials.
| S-EPMC10188579 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease affecting the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, and is strongly associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we explored the peripheral blood DNA methylome and its immune cell composition in patients with PSC-UC, UC, and healthy controls (HC) with the aim to develop a predictive assay in distinguishing patients with PSC-UC from those with UC alone.MethodsThe peripheral blood DNA methylome of male patients with PSC and concomitant UC, UC and HCs was profiled using the Illumina HumanMethylation Infinium EPIC BeadChip (850K) array. Differentially methylated CpG position (DMP) and region (DMR) analyses were performed alongside gradient boosting classification analyses to discern PSC-UC from UC patients. As observed differences in the DNA methylome could be the result of differences in cellular populations, we additionally employed mass cytometry (CyTOF) to characterize the immune cell compositions.ResultsGenome wide methylation analysis did not reveal large differences between PSC-UC and UC patients nor HCs. Nonetheless, using gradient boosting we were capable of discerning PSC-UC from UC with an area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.80. Four CpG sites annotated to the NINJ2 gene were found to strongly contribute to the predictive performance. While CyTOF analyses corroborated the largely similar blood cell composition among patients with PSC-UC, UC and HC, a higher abundance of myeloid cells was observed in UC compared to PSC-UC patients.ConclusionDNA methylation enables discerning PSC-UC from UC patients, with a potential for biomarker development.
| S-EPMC8965896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are susceptible to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Here, we evaluate CDI in the tofacitinib UC clinical program.MethodsEvents from 4 randomized, placebo-controlled studies (phase [P] 2 or P3 induction [NCT00787202; NCT01465763; NCT01458951], P3 maintenance [NCT01458574]) and an open-label, long-term extension (OLE) study (NCT01470612), were analyzed as 3 cohorts: Induction (P2/P3 induction), Maintenance (P3 maintenance), and Overall (patients receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily [BID] in P2, P3, and OLE studies; including final data from the OLE study, as of August 24, 2020). Proportions and incidence rates (unique patients with events per 100 patient-years of exposure) of CDI were evaluated.ResultsThe overall cohort comprised 1157 patients who received ≥1 dose of tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID, with a total of 2814.4 patient-years of tofacitinib exposure and up to 7.8 years of treatment. A total of 82.6% of patients received predominantly tofacitinib 10 mg BID. In the induction, maintenance, and overall cohorts, 3 (2 tofacitinib treated, 1 placebo treated), 3 (all placebo treated), and 9 patients had CDI, respectively; the overall cohort incidence rate was 0.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.59). CDI were all mild-moderate in severity and resolved with treatment in 8 patients. Six of 9 patients continued tofacitinib treatment without interruption. Two patients had events reported as serious due to hospitalization. Two patients were receiving corticosteroids when the CDI occurred.ConclusionCDIs among patients with UC receiving tofacitinib were infrequent, cases were mild-moderate in severity, and most resolved with treatment.
| S-EPMC10152280 | biostudies-literature