Beyond the Rex: an innovative meso-intrahepatic portal vein bypass for late-onset extrahepatic portal vein occlusion after living donor liver transplantation
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yong C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11336526 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background & aimsWe aimed to evaluate long-term outcome of patients with chronic non-cirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (CNC-EHPVO) who underwent portal vein recanalisation (PVR) without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion and to determine factors predicting PVR failure and stent occlusion.MethodsThis retrospective monocentric study included all patients who underwent PVR without TIPS insertion in the context of CNC-EHPVO between the years 2000 and 2019. Primary patency was defined by the absence of a complete stent occlusion on follow-up imaging.ResultsA total of 31 patients underwent PVR with a median follow-up of 52 months (24-82 months). Indications were gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 13), abdominal pain attributed to CNC-EHPVO (n = 7), prior to abdominal surgery (n = 4), and others (n = 7). Technical success was obtained in 27 patients. PVR failure was associated with extension within the intrahepatic portal veins (p = 0.005) and recanalisation for abdominal pain (p = 0.02). Adverse events occurred in 6 patients with no mortality. Anticoagulation was administered in 21 patients after technical success of PVR. In patients with technical success, 5-year primary patency was 73% and was associated with improved muscle mass (p = 0.007) and decreased spleen volume (p = 0.01) at 1 year. Furthermore, 21 (78%) patients with PVR technical success were free of portal hypertension complication at 5 years.ConclusionsPVR without TIPS insertion was feasible and safe in selected patients with CNC-EHPVO and portal hypertension with past or expected complications. Primary patency at 5 years was obtained in 3 of 4 patients with technical success of PVR and was associated with a control of complications of CNC-EHPVO. PVR was associated with improvement of sarcopenia and decreased spleen volume at 1 year.Lay summaryPatients with chronic obstruction of the portal vein and without cirrhosis or malignancy can develop complications related to the high pressure in the venous system. The present study reports long-term favourable outcome of patients in whom the obstruction was treated with stents.
| S-EPMC9253474 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9745631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a modified technique for portal vein recanalization, percutaneous transluminal sharp recanalization (PTSR), when performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the treatment of chronic portal vein occlusion (CPVO) and portal hypertension.MethodsNine consecutive patients with CPVO and portal hypertension had undergone TIPS and PTSR procedure after failing in conventional percutaneous catheterization from March 2017 to July 2019. Technical success rates, effectiveness, and complications were evaluated. Follow-up of patients' clinical outcomes and shunt patency were performed periodically. Primary and secondary shunt patency were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe occluded portal veins were successfully recanalized after failing in conventional percutaneous catheterization, and TIPS procedures were completed in all 9 patients. Two patients suffered from procedure-related complications. A portosystemic pressure gradient <12 mmHg, or a percent reduction of 25% to 50% of baseline, was achieved in all 9 patients after TIPS. During the median follow-up period of 28 months (range, 9-36 months), 1 patient experienced recurrent ascites and the other 8 patients remained asymptomatic. The cumulative rates of primary and secondary shunt patency were 66.67% and 100%, respectively, at 2 years.ConclusionAs a supplementary method, PTSR is a feasible and safe method for portal vein recanalization when performing TIPS for patients with CPVO and portal hypertension.
| S-EPMC7963390 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rotavirus enteritis is an infectious disease of the small bowel caused by an RNA reovirus. It is manifested by cytotoxic diarrhea [1]. Rotavirus is the most common viral cause of enteritis (incidence 15-35%) [2]. In infants and children with abdominal pain and diarrhea, ultrasonography is the diagnostic study of choice, and its use has increased significantly in young patients. We describe two cases in which portal-vein gas was detected on abdominal ultrasound scans in children with severe dehydration secondary to rotavirus gastroenteritis, which resolved rapidly after treatment.
| S-EPMC3558099 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is characterized by features of recent thrombosis or portal hypertension with portal cavernoma as a sequel of portal vein obstruction. Imaging of spleno-portal axis is the mainstay for the diagnosis of EHPVO. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of imaging in the preoperative assessment of the portal venous system in children with EHPVO.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on twenty children with EHPVO aged between 1 and 18 years over a period of 1 year. The children were evaluated clinically, followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Radiological assessment included imaging of the main portal vein, its right and left branches, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric vein using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUSG) and magnetic resonance portovenogram (MRP). Evidence of portal biliopathy, status of collaterals, and possible sites for portosystemic shunt surgery were also examined.All the patients presented in chronic stage with portal cavernoma and only one patient (5%) had bland thrombus associated with cavernoma. The CDUSG and MRPs had a sensitivity of 66.6-90% and 96.7% and specificity of 91.5% and 98.3% respectively with regard to the assessment of the extent of thrombus formation and flow in the portal venous system. Both the modalities were found to be complementary to each other in preoperative assessment of EHPVO. However, the sensitivity of MRP was slightly superior to CDUSG in detecting occlusion and identifying portosystemic collaterals and dilated intrahepatic biliary radicals.Results of the present study indicate that MRP is well suited and superior to CDUSG in the preoperative imaging of patients with EHPVO.
| S-EPMC5473299 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background/aimsCavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV) in cirrhotic patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) was a relatively rare disease and had no consensus on the treatment. Our study aimed to explore the value of anticoagulation with warfarin treatment for CTPV cirrhotic patients with EHPVO.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2019, the clinical characteristics of cirrhotic patients who were diagnosed as CTPV with EHPVO were retrospectively analyzed. Eligible patients were distributed into the anticoagulation group (n = 46) and control group (n = 38). The change of portal vein thrombosis, hepatic decompensation, survival and adverse events were evaluated between the two groups.ResultsThe median follow-up of our patients was 51 months in the anticoagulation group and 44 months in the control group. The progress rate of the portal vein was higher in patients from the control groups (n = 12) than in patients from the anticoagulation group (n = 4, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between the partial recanalization rate and stable rate between the two groups. Patients in anticoagulation group developed less hepatic decompensation than those in control group (13.0% vs 34.2%, p = 0.021). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients in the anticoagulation group had a better prognosis than patients in the control group (P < 0.022). There were no serious complications due to warfarin treatment.ConclusionFor CTPV cirrhotic patients with EHPVO, anticoagulation with warfarin treatment was effective and safe. Anticoagulants could prevent portal vein thrombosis progression, hepatic decompensation and death. In addition, our results showed little benefit of anticoagulants on thrombosis recanalization.
| S-EPMC9832773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Deprivation of portal blood flow decreases the hepatic function, thus hepatobiliary cancer patients with total occlusion of the main portal vein (PV) are usually not indicated for major hepatectomy. We herein present a 37-year-old male patient with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, in whom right trisectionectomy was indicated. However, the main PV was nearly completely occluded by tumor invasion, thus resolution of jaundice was markedly slow. To restore the liver function through PV recanalization, a wall stent was inserted percutaneously. Jaundice resolved progressively after PV stenting. Right trisectionectomy, caudate lobectomy, bile duct resection, and en bloc PV segmental resection with iliac vein homograft interposition were performed. However, PV thrombosis developed at the site of PV stent removal, thus a new wall stent was inserted during the operation. The pathology report presented that the tumor was a 5.2 cm-sized well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of periductal infiltrating type with lymph node metastasis. During the follow-up, the interposed PV segment with a wall stent was gradually occluded with development of portal collaterals. At 5 years after surgery, the PV stent was completely occluded and collaterals developed. The patient experienced repetition of febrile episodes of unknown causes. He is currently alive for 8 years with no evidence of tumor recurrence. The detailed surgical procedures were presented with a supplementary video clip of 5 minutes.
| S-EPMC7271116 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo assess the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of portal vein recanalization (PVR)-transjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement via splenic access using a balloon puncture technique.Materials and methodsIn a single-center retrospective study from March 2017 to February 2021, 14 consecutive patients with portal hypertension, chronic liver disease and portal vein occlusion or near-complete (> 95%) occlusion were referred for PVR-TIPS placement. Feasibility, safety and effectiveness including procedural characteristics such as technical success, complication profile and splenic access time (SAT), balloon positioning time (BPT), conventional portal vein entry time (CPVET), overall procedure time (OPT), fluoroscopy time (FT), dose-area product (DAP) and air kerma (AK) were evaluated.ResultsTranssplenic PVR-TIPS using balloon puncture technique was technically feasible in 12 of 14 patients (8 men, 49 ± 13 years). In two patients without detectable intrahepatic portal vein branches, TIPS placement was not feasible and both patients were referred for further treatment with nonselective beta blockers and endoscopic variceal ligation. No complications grade > 3 of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe classification system occurred. The SAT was 25 ± 21 min, CPVET was 33 ± 26 min, the OPT was 158 ± 54 min, the FT was 42 ± 22 min, the DAP was 167.84 ± 129.23 Gy*cm2 and the AK was 1150.70 ± 910.73 mGy.ConclusionsTranssplenic PVR-TIPS using a balloon puncture technique is feasible and appears to be safe in our series of patients with obliteration of the portal vein. It expands the interventional options in patients with chronic PVT.
| S-EPMC9018628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe study aimed to describe portal stenting for postoperative portal occlusion with delayed (≥ 3 months) variceal bleeding in the afferent jejunal loop.Materials and methodsEleven consecutive patients (age range, 2-79 years; eight men and three women) who underwent portal stenting between April 2009 and December 2015 were included in the study. Preoperative medical history and the postoperative clinical course were reviewed. Characteristics of portal occlusion and details of procedures were also investigated. Technical success, treatment efficacy (defined as disappearance of jejunal varix on follow-up CT), and clinical success were analyzed. Primary stent patency rate was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsAll patients underwent hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer surgery except two children with liver transplantation for biliary atresia. Portal occlusion was caused by benign postoperative change (n = 6) and local tumor recurrence (n = 5). Variceal bleeding occurred at 27 months (4 to 72 months) and portal stenting was performed at 37 months (4 to 121 months), on average, postoperatively. Technical success, treatment efficacy, and clinical success rates were 90.9, 100, and 81.8%, respectively. The primary patency rate of portal stent was 88.9% during the mean follow-up period of 9 months. Neither procedure-related complication nor mortality occurred.ConclusionInterventional portal stenting is an effective treatment for delayed jejunal variceal bleeding due to portal occlusion after hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery.
| S-EPMC5552466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis, but it can also occur as a primary vascular disorder amid absent liver disease. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) refers to the obstruction of the extrahepatic portal vein with or without involvement of the intrahepatic portal vein branches, splenic and/or superior mesenteric vein. It is a distinct disorder that excludes PVT occurring in concurrence with liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The term "EHPVO" implies chronicity and is principally reserved for a long-standing condition characterized by cavernous transformation of the portal vein. The most characteristic imaging manifestation is the formation of portoportal collaterals (via the venous plexi of Petren and Saint) that allow hepatopetal flow. However, this collateral circulation is insufficient resulting in clinically significant pre-hepatic portal hypertension, wherein the liver function and structure remain preserved until late. Although the long-term (more than 10 years) survival with controlled variceal bleeding is up to 100%, affected individuals have an impaired quality of life owing to portal cavernoma cholangiopathy, hypersplenism, neurocognitive dysfunction and growth retardation. Imaging diagnosis is not always straightforward as the collaterals can also present as a tumour-like solid mass that can be inadvertently biopsied. Moreover, EHPVO has its implications for the biliary tree, arterial circulation, liver/splenic volumes and stiffness, which merit proper understanding but have not been so well described in literature. In this review, we present the complete spectrum of the vascular, biliary and visceral changes with a particular emphasis on what our medical/surgical hepatology colleagues need to know from us in the pre-operative and post-operative settings.
| S-EPMC4651392 | biostudies-other