Process Operability Analysis of Membrane-Based Direct Air Capture for Low-Purity CO2 Production
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC11342364 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Several reactions, known from other amine systems for CO2 capture, have been proposed for Lewatit R VP OC 1065. The aim of this molecular modeling study is to elucidate the CO2 capture process: the physisorption process prior to the CO2-capture and the reactions. Molecular modeling yields that the resin has a structure with benzyl amine groups on alternating positions in close vicinity of each other. Based on this structure, the preferred adsorption mode of CO2 and H2O was established. Next, using standard Density Functional Theory two catalytic reactions responsible for the actual CO2 capture were identified: direct amine and amine-H2O catalyzed formation of carbamic acid. The latter is a new type of catalysis. Other reactions are unlikely. Quantitative verification of the molecular modeling results with known experimental CO2 adsorption isotherms, applying a dual site Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, further supports all results of this molecular modeling study.
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Project description:Renewable production of fuels and chemicals from direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 is a highly desired goal. Here, we report the integration of the DAC of CO2 with the thermochemical splitting of water to produce CO2, H2, O2, and electricity. The produced CO2 and H2 can be converted to value-added chemicals via existing technologies. The integrated process uses thermal solar energy as the only energy input and has the potential to provide the dual benefits of combating anthropogenic climate change while creating renewable chemicals. A sodium-manganese-carbonate (Mn-Na-CO2) thermochemical water-splitting cycle that simultaneously drives renewable H2 production and DAC of CO2 is demonstrated. An integrated reactor is designed and fabricated to conduct all steps of the thermochemical water-splitting cycle that produces close to stoichiometric amounts (∼90%) of H2 and O2 (illustrated with 6 consecutive cycles). The ability of the cycle to capture 75% of the ∼400 ppm CO2 from air is demonstrated also. A technoeconomic analysis of the integrated process for the renewable production of H2, O2, and electricity, as well as DAC of CO2 shows that the proposed scheme of solar-driven H2 production from thermochemical water splitting coupled with CO2 DAC may be economically viable under certain circumstances.
| S-EPMC6911180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Direct air capture (DAC) is an emerging negative CO2 emission technology that aims to introduce a feasible method for CO2 capture from the atmosphere. Unlike carbon capture from point sources, which deals with flue gas at high CO2 concentrations, carbon capture directly from the atmosphere has proved difficult due to the low CO2 concentration in ambient air. Current DAC technologies mainly consider sorbent-based systems; however, membrane technology can be considered a promising DAC approach since it provides several advantages, e.g., lower energy and operational costs, less environmental footprint, and more potential for small-scale ubiquitous installations. Several recent advancements in validating the feasibility of highly permeable gas separation membrane fabrication and system design show that membrane-based direct air capture (m-DAC) could be a complementary approach to sorbent-based DAC, e.g., as part of a hybrid system design that incorporates other DAC technologies (e.g., solvent or sorbent-based DAC). In this article, the ongoing research and DAC application attempts via membrane separation have been reviewed. The reported membrane materials that could potentially be used for m-DAC are summarized. In addition, the future direction of m-DAC development is discussed, which could provide perspective and encourage new researchers' further work in the field of m-DAC.
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Project description:Effectively reducing the concentration of CO2 in ambient air is essential to mitigate global warming. Existing carbon capture and storage technology can only slow down the carbon emissions of large point sources but cannot treat the already accumulated CO2 in the environment. Herein, we demonstrated a simple direct CO2 capture method from air via reactive crystallization with a new trichelating iminoguanidine ligand (BTIG). It could strongly bind CO2 to form insoluble carbonate crystals that could be easily isolated. In the crystal, CO2 was transformed to CO3 2- and trapped in a dense hydrogen bonding network in terms of carbonate-water clusters. This capture process was reversible, and the BTIG ligand could be regenerated by heating the BTIG-CO2 crystal at a mild temperature, which was much lower than the decomposition temperature of CaCO3 (∼900 °C). Thermodynamic and kinetics analyses indicate that the crystallization process was exothermic with an enthalpy of -292 kJ/mol, and the decomposition energy consumption was 169 kJ per mol CO2. In addition, BTIG could also be employed for CO2 capture from flue gas with a capacity of 1.46 mol/mol, which was superior to that of most of the reported sorbents.
| S-EPMC7439369 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rising CO2 emissions are responsible for increasing global temperatures causing climate change. Significant efforts are underway to develop amine-based sorbents to directly capture CO2 from air (called direct air capture (DAC)) to combat the effects of climate change. However, the sorbents' performances have usually been evaluated at ambient temperatures (25 °C) or higher, most often under dry conditions. A significant portion of the natural environment where DAC plants can be deployed experiences temperatures below 25 °C, and ambient air always contains some humidity. In this study, we assess the CO2 adsorption behavior of amine (poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)) impregnated into porous alumina at ambient (25 °C) and cold temperatures (-20 °C) under dry and humid conditions. CO2 adsorption capacities at 25 °C and 400 ppm CO2 are highest for 40 wt% TEPA-incorporated γ-Al2O3 samples (1.8 mmol CO2/g sorbent), while 40 wt % PEI-impregnated γ-Al2O3 samples exhibit moderate uptakes (0.9 mmol g-1). CO2 capacities for both PEI- and TEPA-incorporated γ-Al2O3 samples decrease with decreasing amine content and temperatures. The 40 and 20 wt % TEPA sorbents show the best performance at -20 °C under dry conditions (1.6 and 1.1 mmol g-1, respectively). Both the TEPA samples also exhibit stable and high working capacities (0.9 and 1.2 mmol g-1) across 10 cycles of adsorption-desorption (adsorption at -20 °C and desorption conducted at 60 °C). Introducing moisture (70% RH at -20 and 25 °C) improves the CO2 capacity of the amine-impregnated sorbents at both temperatures. The 40 wt% PEI, 40 wt % TEPA, and 20 wt% TEPA samples show good CO2 uptakes at both temperatures. The results presented here indicate that γ-Al2O3 impregnated with PEI and TEPA are potential materials for DAC at ambient and cold conditions, with further opportunities to optimize these materials for the scalable deployment of DAC plants at different environmental conditions.
| S-EPMC10515709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The high temperature requirement for the desorption of absorbed CO2 is one of the issues for the widespread use of direct air capture (DAC), which is a promising technology to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration. This work realized a liquid diamine absorbent-solid carbamic acid (CA) phase-change DAC system with CO2 desorption at a low temperature by using a MeOH solvent. The CA of isophoronediamine [3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, CA-IPDA] readily desorbed CO2 in MeOH at 50 °C, while IPDA showed the capacity to absorb low-concentration CO2 from air with an IPDA/CO2 ratio of 1:1. The CA-IPDA desorbed more than half of the absorbed CO2 at 60 °C without any gas flow, proving that this system can condense low-concentration CO2 in air to pure CO2 with low energy requirements. The low-temperature desorption of CO2 from CA-IPDA was owing to the high solubility of CA-IPDA in MeOH and the easy CO2 transfer between carbamic acid and MeOH to form methyl carbonate ions. This solubility control in the liquid-solid phase-change system opens up the low-energy DAC systems.
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Project description:It has been proposed to use magnesium oxide (MgO) to separate carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere at the gigaton level. We show experimental results on MgO single crystals reacting with the atmosphere for longer (decades) and shorter (days to months) periods with the goal of gauging reaction rates. Here, we find a substantial slowdown of an initially fast reaction as a result of mineral armoring by reaction products (surface passivation). In short-term experiments, we observe fast hydroxylation, carbonation, and formation of amorphous hydrated magnesium carbonate at early stages, leading to the formation of crystalline hydrated Mg carbonates. The preferential location of Mg carbonates along the atomic steps on the crystal surface of MgO indicates the importance of the reactive site density for carbonation kinetics. The analysis of 27-year-old single-crystal MgO samples demonstrates that the thickness of the reacted layer is limited to ∼1.5 μm on average, which is thinner than expected and indicates surface passivation. Thus, if MgO is to be employed for direct air capture of CO2, surface passivation must be circumvented.
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Project description:Zeolites, silica-supported amines, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated as promising adsorbents for direct air CO2 capture (DAC), but the shaping and structuring of these materials into sorbent modules for practical processes have been inadequately investigated compared to the extensive research on powder materials. Furthermore, there have been relatively few studies reporting the DAC performance of sorbent contactors under cold, subambient conditions (temperatures below 20 °C). In this work, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of adsorbent monoliths composed of cellulose acetate (CA) and adsorbent particles such as zeolite 13X and MOF MIL-101(Cr) by a 3D printing technique: solution-based additive manufacturing (SBAM). These monoliths feature interpenetrated macroporous polymeric frameworks in which microcrystals of zeolite 13X or MIL-101(Cr) are evenly distributed, highlighting the versatility of SBAM in fabricating monoliths containing sorbents with different particle sizes and density. Branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is successfully loaded into the CA/MIL-101(Cr) monoliths to impart CO2 uptakes of 1.05 mmol gmonolith-1 at -20 °C and 400 ppm of CO2. Kinetic analysis shows that the CO2 sorption kinetics of PEI-loaded MIL-101(Cr) sorbents are not compromised in the monoliths compared to the powder sorbents. Importantly, these monoliths exhibit promising working capacities (0.95 mmol gmonolith-1) over 14 temperature swing cycles with a moderate regeneration temperature of 60 °C. Dynamic breakthrough experiments at 25 °C under dry conditions reveal a CO2 uptake capacity of 0.60 mmol gmonolith-1, which further increases to 1.05 and 1.43 mmol gmonolith-1 at -20 °C under dry and humid (70% relative humidity) conditions, respectively. Our work showcases the successful implementation of SBAM in making DAC sorbent monoliths with notable CO2 capture performance over a wide range of sorption temperatures, suggesting that SBAM can enable the preparation of efficient sorbent contactors in various form factors for other important chemical separations.
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Project description:Despite the consensus that keeping global temperature rise within 1.5 °C above pre-industrial level by 2100 reduces the chance for climate change to reach the point of no return, the newest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report warns that the existing commitment of greenhouse gas emission reduction is only enough to contain the warming to 3-4 °C by 2100. The harsh reality not only calls for speedier deployment of existing CO2 reduction technologies but demands development of more cost-efficient carbon removal strategies. Here we report an ocean alkalinity-based CO2 sequestration scheme, taking advantage of proton consumption during nitrate assimilation by marine photosynthetic microbes, and the ensuing enhancement of seawater CO2 absorption. Benchtop experiments using a native marine phytoplankton community confirmed pH elevation from ~8.2 to ~10.2 in seawater, within 3-5 days of microbial culture in nitrate-containing media. The alkaline condition was able to sustain at continued nutrient supply but reverted to normalcy (pH ~8.2-8.4) once the biomass was removed. Measurements of δ13C in the dissolved inorganic carbon revealed a significant atmospheric CO2 contribution to the carbonate alkalinity in the experimental seawater, confirming the occurrence of direct carbon dioxide capture from the air. Thermodynamic calculation shows a theoretical carbon removal rate of ~0.13 mol CO2/L seawater, if the seawater pH is allowed to decrease from 10.2 to 8.2. A cost analysis (using a standard bioreactor wastewater treatment plant as a template for CO2 trapping, and a modified moving-bed biofilm reactor for nitrate recycling) indicated that a 1 Mt CO2/year operation is able to perform at a cost of ~$40/tCO2, 2.5-5.5 times cheaper than that offered by any of the currently available direct air capture technologies, and more in line with the price of $25-30/tCO2 suggested for rapid deployment of large-scale CCS systems.
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Project description:Direct air capture of carbon dioxide is a viable option for the mitigation of CO2 emissions and their impact on global climate change. Conventional processes for carbon capture from ambient air require 230 to 800 kJ thermal per mole of CO2, which accounts for most of the total cost of capture. Here, we demonstrate electrochemical direct air capture using neutral red as a redox-active material in an aqueous solution enabled by the inclusion of nicotinamide as a hydrotropic solubilizing agent. The electrochemical system demonstrates a high electron utilization of 0.71 in a continuous flow cell with an estimated minimum work of 35 kJe per mole of CO2 from 15% CO2. Further exploration using ambient air (410 ppm CO2 in the presence of 20% oxygen) as a feed gas shows electron utilization of 0.38 in a continuous flow cell to provide an estimated minimum work of 65 kJe per mole of CO2.
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