Efficacy of various techniques in calcium silicate-based intracanal medicament removal: a micro-CT analysis
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SUBMITTER: Almohareb R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11344831 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the rotary instrument XP-endo Finisher for the removal of Ca(OH)2 aided by different irrigation regimens. METHODS:Sixteen double-rooted upper premolar human teeth were selected for the study. Thirty-two canals were prepared using a ProTaper Next rotary system up to X3. Then, the canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. The volume of Ca(OH)2 inside the canals was measured by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). After that, the teeth were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, i.e., A and B (n = 16 canals). In group A, Ca(OH)2 was removed using the master apical file (X3). In group B, Ca(OH)2 was removed using a XP-endo finisher. In half of both groups (n = 8), syringe irrigation (SI) was used, while passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used for the other half. After removal, the remaining volume of Ca(OH)2 was measured. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS:The percentages of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the apical thirds of all canals were significantly higher as compared with the middle and coronal thirds in all groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between different files and techniques (p > 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:This study presents a new method for the removal of Ca(OH)2 from root canals.
| S-EPMC7288082 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and Objectives. Multiple antibacterial agents have been mixed and used as an intracanal medicament-like modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of Materials and Methods. Three strains of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of. Results:Nit could eradicate S1, S2, and S3 completely with concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25?mg/mL, respectively, while MTAP showed complete eradication of the three strains only at 25?mg/mL. In all the groups, it was found that the CFU counts of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of. Conclusion:At the concentration of 25?mg/mL, the Nit paste is effective in eradicating EF completely when it is used as an intracanal medicament.EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of.
| S-EPMC7049449 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCompare antimicrobial efficacy of a quarternary ammonium silane (QAS)/k21 as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis and C. albicans biofilms formed on root dentin.MethodologyDentin blocks were sterilized and E. faecalis and C. albicans microbial colonies were counted for colony-forming-units against 2%k21, 2%CHX and Ca(OH)2 medicaments. Biofilm colonies after 7 days on dentin were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead bacterial viability staining. TEM was done to study dentin collagen matrix. Dentin discs from 3rd day and 7th day well plate was used for Raman spectra and observed under fluorescent-microscope. Docking studies were carried out on MMP-2 S1 binding-domain with k21.ResultsThere was reduction of E. faecalis/C. albicans when k21, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide were used with highest percentage in 2%k21 treated specimens. 2%k21 showed dense and regular collagen network with intact cross-banding and decreased Raman intensity for 2%k21 on 3rd day. NaOCl + k21 showed least adherence, whereas saline groups showed highest adherence of E. faecalis and C. albicans to root-canal dentin. Alizarin red staining of hDPSCs revealed calcium deposition in all groups with significant difference seen amongst 2%k21 groups. MMP-2 ligand binding was seen accurately indicating possible target sites for k21 intervention.Conclusion2%k21 can be considered as alternative intracanal medicament.
| S-EPMC7953794 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:This study investigated the effect of a calcium hydroxide (CH) paste (CleaniCal®) containing N-2-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a vehicle on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms compared with other products containing saline (Calasept Plus™) or propylene glycol (PG) (Calcipex II®). METHODOLOGY:Standardized bovine root canal specimens were used. The antibacterial effects were measured by colony-forming unit counting. The thickness of bacterial microcolonies and exopolysaccharides was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Morphological features of the biofilms were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Bovine tooth blocks covered with nail polish were immersed into the vehicles and dispelling was observed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p<0.05). RESULTS:CleaniCal® showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by Calcipex II® (p<0.05). Moreover, NMP showed a higher antibacterial effect compared with PG (p<0.05). The thickness of bacteria and EPS in the CleaniCal® group was significantly lower than that of other materials tested (p<0.05). FE-SEM images showed the specimens treated with Calasept Plus™ were covered with biofilms, whereas the specimens treated with other medicaments were not. Notably, the specimen treated with CleaniCal® was cleaner than the one treated with Calcipex II®. Furthermore, the nail polish on the bovine tooth block immersed in NMP was completely dispelled. CONCLUSIONS:CleaniCal® performed better than Calasept Plus™ and Calcipex II® in the removal efficacy of E. faecalis biofilms. The results suggest the effect might be due to the potent dissolving effect of NMP on organic substances.
| S-EPMC7105290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundXP-Endo Finisher (XPF) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) are commonly used in intracanal medicament removal. The effectiveness of these two techniques needs to be compared, and evidence-based research should be conducted.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to December 20th, 2020. The outcomes of the included trials were pooled into the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software. Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was applied to assess the risk of bias.ResultsNine articles were included in this systematic review and processed for data extraction, and eight studies were identified for meta-analysis. In general, the use of PUI showed better medicament removal effectiveness than XPF (odds ratio [OR]: 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96-4.86; P < 0.001). PUI was also significantly more efficient than XPF in the apical third (OR: 3.42; 95% CI, 1.32-8.84; P = 0.01). For trials using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone, PUI was also significantly more effective than XPF on intracanal medicaments removal (OR: 5.23; 95% CI, 2.79-9.82; P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between PUI and XPF when NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used in combination (OR: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.74-3.09; P = 0.26). In addition, for studies whose intracanal medicament periods were two weeks, the effectiveness of PUI was statistically better than the XPF (OR: 7.73; 95% CI, 3.71-16.07; P < 0.001). Nevertheless, for trials whose intracanal medicament time was one week or over two weeks, no differences between the XPF and PUI were found (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 0.74-3.22; P = 0.25) (OR: 1.42; 95% CI, 0.44-4.61; P = 0.56).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis is the first study to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of XPF and PUI techniques on intracanal medicaments removal. With rigorous eligibility criteria, the study only included high-quality randomised controlled trials. The study indicated that PUI might be superior over XPF techniques for removing intracanal medicaments from artificial standardized grooves and cavities in the root canal system. The anatomical areas, irrigation protocol, and intracanal medicaments time may influence the cleaning efficacy.
| S-EPMC8191128 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe aims of this study were i) to define the chemical constituents of Cuminum cyminum (cumin) essential oil, ii) to compare the antimicrobial activity of this oil to that of chlorhexidine (CHX) and co-trimoxazole on planktonic and biofilm forms of bacteria isolated from the teeth with persistent endodontic infection and iii ) to compare the cytotoxicity of these medicaments on L929 fibroblasts.Methods and materialsThree groups of microorganisms [aerobic bacterial mixture, anaerobic bacterial mixture and Enterococcus faecalis (E .faecalis)] were isolated from the teeth with persistent apical periodontitis. Zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and time-kill tests were performed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the medicaments. Further, a cytocompatibility analysis of the medicaments was performed on L929 fibroblasts. The results obtained from disc diffusion test and mean cell viability values of the experimental medicaments were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsSeventeen constituents were recognized in cumin oil (predominantly cumin aldehyde and γ-terpinene). Co-trimoxazole showed the greatest ZOI followed by cumin and CHX. The smallest MIC and MBC belonged to co-trimoxazole followed by cumin and CHX for all groups of bacteria except for E. faecalis for which the MBC of cumin was smaller than co-trimoxazole. The results of time-kill assay revealed that all medicaments totally inhibited the bacterial growth in all groups after 24 h. CHX was the most cytotoxic solution while there were no significant differences between the cytocompatibility of different concentrations of cumin essential oil and co-trimoxazole.ConclusionCumin exhibited a strong antimicrobial efficiency against the microbial flora of the teeth with failed endodontic treatments and it was biocompatible for L929 mouse fibroblasts.
| S-EPMC4731533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Intracanal medicaments can be used in various endodontic conditions including multiple visit endodontics after trauma or in regenerative endodontics. These medicaments should be removed from the root canal before the placement of the filling or repair material. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) placement on the push-out bond strength of TotalFill BC fast set putty (BC fast set putty) to root dentin when compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODS:The root canals of 45 extracted mandibular premolars were prepared to a standardized internal diameter (1.5?mm). The specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the intracanal medicament used: mTAP (a mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and cefaclor), Ca(OH)2, and no intracanal medicament. After 1?week, the medicaments were removed, and the middle third of the roots were cut into two transverse sections (2.0?±?0.05) (n?=?90 slices). Thereafter, the specimens were divided into two subgroups (n?=?45 each): MTA or BC putty. After 1?week, the push-out test was performed and failure mode was evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc. RESULTS:The application of the intracanal medicament did not significantly affect the bond strength of BC putty (p?>?.05). For MTA, the prior application of Ca(OH)2 or mTAP significantly decreased the dislocation resistance (p?<?.05). Specimens in the MTA subgroups showed an almost equal number of cohesive and mixed types of failure while the majority of the specimens in the BC putty subgroups revealed the cohesive type. CONCLUSIONS:Ca(OH)2 and mTAP promoted lower bond strength of MTA to root dentin compared to the control group. However, the BC fast set putty bond strength to dentin was not affected by prior medication with Ca(OH)2 or mTAP.
| S-EPMC7029461 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Optimal antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments containing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) has been well documented. However, concerns remain regarding the effect of Ag-NPs on tooth color. This study aimed to assess the effects of calcium hydroxide (CH) mixed with Ag-NPs as intracanal medicaments on tooth color. The effect of location of application of medicament on the degree of discoloration was evaluated as well.Fifty extracted single-rooted, single-canal human teeth with straight roots, no caries, no cracks or fractures were collected and accessed. After cleaning and shaping of the root canals, the teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=20) with CH and CH plus Ag-NPs as intracanal medicaments and a control group of saline (n=10). Experimental groups were randomly divided into two equal subgroups of A, where medicament was applied below the cemento enamel junction (CEJ) and B where the medicament was applied to the root canal and pulp chamber. Color change (ΔE) was assessed using a spectrophotometer in CIELAB system at five time points of beforemedicaments application (T0), immediately medicaments placement (T1), one week (T2), one month (T3) and three months (T4) after the application of medicaments. Data were analyzed using two-way and three-way ANOVA.Color change in Ag-NPs plus CH and CH groups was not significantly different at any time point (P=0.23). Increased exposure time in both groups did not increase the ΔE (P >0.05). Significant differences were noted in ΔE between subgroups A and B (P<0.05).Addition of Ag-NPs to CH caused no significant change in tooth color compared to the application of CH alone. However, its use must be limited to the root canal space only. Key words:Silver nanoparticles, color change, calcium hydroxide, spectrophotometry, intracanal medicament.
| S-EPMC5549580 | biostudies-other
Project description:The capacity to explore soft tissue structures in detail is important in understanding animal physiology and how this determines features such as movement, behaviour and the impact of trauma on regular function. Here we use advances in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technology to explore the brain of an important insect pollinator and model organism, the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Here we present a method for accurate imaging and exploration of insect brains that keeps brain tissue free from trauma and in its natural stereo-geometry, and showcase our 3D reconstructions and analyses of 19 individual brains at high resolution. Development of this protocol allows relatively rapid and cost effective brain reconstructions, making it an accessible methodology to the wider scientific community. The protocol describes the necessary steps for sample preparation, tissue staining, micro-CT scanning and 3D reconstruction, followed by a method for image analysis using the freeware SPIERS. These image analysis methods describe how to virtually extract key composite structures from the insect brain, and we demonstrate the application and precision of this method by calculating structural volumes and investigating the allometric relationships between bumblebee brain structures.
| S-EPMC4764865 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThis study aimed to compare the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) performances of two resin-based calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) (TheraCal PT and TheraCal LC), Biodentine, and two modified-MTA CSC materials (NeoMTA 2 and BioMTA+) to bulk-fill restorative material.Materials and methodsFifty 3D printed cylindrical resin blocks with a central hole were used (2 mm in depth and 4 mm in diameter). CSCs were placed in the holes (per each group n = 10) and incubated for 24 h. Cylindrical polyethylene molds (2 mm in height and diameter) were used to place the bulk-fill restorative materials on the CSCs and polymerize for 20 s. Then, all specimens were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C at a humidity of 100%. Specimen's µSBSs were determined with a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (Welch) and Tamhane test.ResultsStatistically higher µSBS was found for TheraCal PT (29.91 ± 6.13 MPa) (p < 0.05) respect to all the other materials tested. TheraCal LC (20.23 ± 6.32 MPa) (p > 0.05) reported higher µSBS than NeoMTA 2 (11.49 ± 5.78 MPa) and BioMTA+ (6.45 ± 1.89 MPa) (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference among TheraCal LC, NeoMTA 2 and Biodentine (15.23 ± 7.37 MPa) and between NeoMTA 2 and BioMTA+ (p > 0.05).ConclusionChoosing TheraCal PT as the pulp capping material may increase the adhesion and µSBS to the bulk-fill composite superstructure and sealing ability.
| S-EPMC10066686 | biostudies-literature