Microscopic distribution of taxanes in freeze-fixed stems of Taxus cuspidata
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC11345223 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Monolignols are precursors of lignin, and their glucosides are often found in plants. Glucosylation creates water-soluble and chemically stable monolignols by protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group. To discuss the role of sinapyl alcohol glucoside, syringin, in planta, the cellular distribution of syringin in the transverse and radial surfaces of quick-frozen stems of Syringa vulgaris L. (lilac) was visualized by cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM) analyses. The amount and rough distribution of syringin were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography measurements using serial tangential sections of freeze-fixed lilac stems. The syringin distribution was also discussed with reference to the tissue classification from microscopic observations. Syringin was mainly found in the phloem region. In the xylem region, syringin was evenly distributed irrespective of the cell type from the cambial zone to the early differentiating stage region and selectively distributed in vessels in the later differentiating stage region. After the lignification of wood fibers, syringin was found in rays and some vessels in the initial part of the annual rings. Previously, artificially administered isotope-labeled syringin was shown to be assimilated into lignin in the differentiating xylem region. Based on this, our present data showing syringin storage in the differentiating xylem region and its variation depending on the lignification stage suggest that syringin works as a lignin precursor. Additionally, detection of syringin in vessels and rays indicates intercellular transportation of syringin in lilac stems.
| S-EPMC6676449 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPhellodendron amurense Rupr. contains rich alkaloids, which have been extensively applied in clinical treatments for their various biological activities. However, detailed microscopic distribution and roles of such alkaloids in P. amurense stem still need to be clarified.MethodsIn this study, the distribution of eight alkaloids in the transverse surface of freeze-fixed P. amurense stems in fall and summer has been visualized by cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM), which was found in living tissues with relative contents of different alkaloids varying with the position. In addition, the contents of these alkaloids quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested the seasonal variation from fall to the following summer.Results and discussionDistribution of eight alkaloids in the freeze-fixed stems of P. amurense from fall and summer seasons has been visualized and assigned into specific living tissues, with relative contents varying in different positions with seasons, which suggested their possible roles in the physiological processes of the plant itself or plant responding to changes in the surrounding conditions.ConclusionThis study provided a significant basis for further discussion of the genes or enzymes involved in these processes, which will contribute to investigating biosynthetic pathways and specific in planta roles of alkaloids.
| S-EPMC10283038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Taxanes are the best-known compounds in Taxus cuspidata owing to their strong anticancer effects. However, the traditional taxanes extraction method is the solid-liquid extraction method, which is limited by a large energy consumption and low yield. Therefore, it is urgent to find an efficient method for taxanes extraction. The ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction (UME) method integrates the cavitation effect of ultrasound and the intensifying heat transfer (ionic conduction and dipole rotation of molecules) effect of microwave to accelerate the release of intracellular compounds and is used in active ingredient extractions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of UME in extracting taxanes from T. cuspidata needles (dichloromethane-ethanol as extractant). A single-factor experiment, Plackett-Burman design, and the response surface method showed that the optimal UME parameters for taxanes extraction were an ultrasonic power of 300 W, a microwave power of 215 W, and 130 sieve meshes. Under these conditions, the taxanes yield was 570.32 μg/g, which increased by 13.41% and 41.63% compared with the ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) treatments, respectively. The reasons for the differences in the taxanes yield were revealed by comparing the physicochemical properties of T. cuspidata residues after the UME, US, and MW treatments. The cell structures were significantly damaged after the UME treatment, and numerous tiny holes were observed on the surface. The absorption peaks of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin increased significantly in intensity, and the lowest peak temperature (307.40 °C), with a melting enthalpy of -5.19 J/g, was found after the UME treatment compared with the US and MW treatments. These results demonstrate that UME is an effective method (570.32 μg/g) to extract taxanes from T. cuspidata needles by destroying cellular structures.
| S-EPMC10708025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing chemicals that have important physiological and pharmacological characteristics. Many vascular plant species contain alkaloids, and their roles in planta are of interest. However, the detailed distribution of alkaloids remains unclear because of their low water solubility and low concentrations in plants. In this study, we visualized the distribution of salicifoline, a water-soluble quaternary ammonium alkaloid, in the freeze-fixed stems of Magnolia kobus by cryo time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Most of the salicifoline was distributed in living phloem tissues. In the xylem, salicifoline was detected in ray cells, lignifying wood fibres, and in vessels in the latest annual ring. The salicifoline distribution in the xylem varied with the cell wall formation stage. These results provide new insights into the storage, transportation, and role of the alkaloid salicifoline in M. kobus.
| S-EPMC5517595 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Taxanes are a series of natural compounds with great application potential in antitumor therapy, whereas the lack of efficient taxanes extraction methods significantly hinders the development of taxanes. The high-intensity pulsed electric field (PEF) is a novel technology used to extract bioactive ingredients from food and other natural products. However, the prospect of using PEF for taxanes extraction remains to be elucidated. Herein, we extracted taxanes from Taxus cuspidata via PEF and explored the effects of seven extraction conditions on the yields of target compounds. The Placket-Burman design (PBD) assay revealed that electric field strength, pulse number, and particle size are key factors for taxanes extraction. The response surface methodology (RSM) and back-propagation neural network conjugated with genetic algorithm (GA-BP) were further used to model and predict the optimal extraction conditions, and GA-BP exerted higher reliability, leading to a maximum extraction yield of 672.13 μg/g under electric field strength of 16 kV/cm, pulse number of 8, particle size of 160 meshes, solid-liquid ratio of 1:60, a single extraction, centrifugal speed of 8000 r/min, and flow rate of 7 mL/min, which was 1.07-1.84 folds that of control, solid-liquid extraction (SL), and ultrasonic extraction (US) groups. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the sample particles extracted by PEF method exhibited a coarser surface morphology. Thus, we present for the first time that PEF is feasible for the extraction of taxanes from Taxus cuspidata and highlight the application value of the PBD, RSM, and GA-BP models in parameters optimization during extraction process.
| S-EPMC9104932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Differential transcriptome analysis of Taxus cell cultures exhibiting metabolic and morphological heterogeneity
| PRJNA839234 | ENA