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Improving duckling hatchability and quality by optimization of egg turning angle during incubation.

ABSTRACT: Egg turning in incubation is crucial to the development of embryos and hatching performance. We aimed to develop a high performance duck egg incubation technique by enlarging and changing egg turning angles. Increasing turning angle from 45 to 75° did not affect the embryo early mortality during the first 15 d of incubation, which ranged from 3.5 to 4.0%, but accelerated chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) development by 17 h, and significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the late mortality from 9.4 ± 0.98% to 5.31 ± 0.63%. As the result, fertile egg hatchability increased from 91.03 ± 0.97% to 94.64 ± 0.61% (P < 0.05), so was healthy duckling rate from 87.24 ± 1.17% to 92.08 ± 0.55% (P < 0.05), and duckling live weight from 60.74 ± 0.63 g to 63.15 ± 0.35 g (P < 0.05). Changing turning angle from 75°to 60°during incubation d 15 to 25 further reduced late embryo mortality to 3.88 ± 0.47 and increased hatchability to 96.58 ± 0.68%. This changing angle turning hatched ducklings exhibited the highest growth performance during rearing than those hatched by 45 and 75° egg turning. The enhanced growth rate was paralleled by upregulations of somatotropic axis genes mRNA expression levels of the hypothalamus GHRH, liver GHR and IGF-1 during embryo incubation and duckling rearing. In conclusion, a changing angle egg turning incubation technique, 75°in the first 15 d and 60°thereafter, can enhance CAM development, upregulate somatotropic axis genes expressions, and can maximally improve embryo livability, duckling hatchability and growth performance.

SUBMITTER: Chen F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11347848 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Improving duckling hatchability and quality by optimization of egg turning angle during incubation.

Chen Fang F Zhu Biwen B Guo Binbin B Dai Zichun Z Liu Jie J Ying Shijia S Huang Yunmao Y Shi Zhendan Z

Poultry science 20240612 10

Egg turning in incubation is crucial to the development of embryos and hatching performance. We aimed to develop a high performance duck egg incubation technique by enlarging and changing egg turning angles. Increasing turning angle from 45 to 75° did not affect the embryo early mortality during the first 15 d of incubation, which ranged from 3.5 to 4.0%, but accelerated chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) development by 17 h, and significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the late mortality from 9.4 ± 0.98% t ...[more]

PMID: 39106698

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Project description:BackgroundCool temperature egg storage prior to incubation is a common practice in the broiler industry; however, prolonged egg storage causes increased embryonic mortality and decreased hatchability and growth in surviving chicks. Exposing eggs to short periods of incubation during egg storage (SPIDES) reduces the adverse consequences of prolonged storage. SPIDES increases blastodermal cell viability by reducing apoptosis, though the counteracting mechanisms are unclear. To define the impact of prolonged storage and SPIDES, transcriptome analysis compared gene expression from blastoderms isolated from eggs exposed to the following treatments: control (CR, stored at 17 °C for 4 days), prolonged storage (NSR, stored at 17 °C for 21 days), SPIDES (SR, stored at 17 °C for 21 days with SPIDES), and incubated control (C2, stored at 17 °C for 4 days followed by incubation to HH (Hamburger-Hamilton) stage 2, used as the ideal standard development) (n = 3/group). Data analysis was performed using the CLC Genomics Workbench platform. Functional annotation was performed using DAVID and QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.ResultsIn total, 4726 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified across all experimental group comparisons (q < 0.05, FPKM> 20, |fold change| > 1.5). DEGs common across experimental comparisons were involved in cellular homeostasis and cytoskeletal protein binding. The NSR group exhibited activation of ubiquitination, apoptotic, and cell senescence processes. The SR group showed activation of cell viability, division, and metabolic processes. Through comparison analysis, cellular respiration, tRNA charging, cell cycle control, and HMBG1 signaling pathways were significantly impacted by treatment and potential regulatory roles for ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A) and MYC proto-oncogene, BHLH transcription factor (MYC) were identified.ConclusionsProlonged egg storage (NSR) resulted in enriched cell stress and death pathways; while SPIDES (SR) resulted in enriched basic cell and anti-apoptotic pathways. New insights into DNA repair mechanisms, RNA processing, shifts in metabolism, and chromatin dynamics in relation to egg storage treatment were obtained through this study. Although egg storage protocols have been examined through targeted gene expression approaches, this study provided a global view of the extensive molecular networks affected by prolonged storage and SPIDES and helped to identify potential upstream regulators for future experiments to optimize egg storage parameters.

Project description:BackgroundCentral place foragers must acquire resources and return to a central location after foraging bouts. During the egg laying (hereafter laying) period, females are constrained to a nest location, thus they must familiarize themselves with resources available within their incubation ranges after nest site selection. Use of prospecting behaviors by individuals to obtain knowledge and identify profitable (e.g., resource rich) locations on the landscape can impact demographic outcomes. As such, prospecting has been used to evaluate nest site quality both before and during the reproductive period for a variety of species.MethodsUsing GPS data collected from female eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) across the southeastern United States, we evaluated if prospecting behaviors were occurring during laying and what landcover factors influenced prospecting. Specifically, we quantified areas prospected during the laying period using a cluster analysis and the return frequency (e.g., recess movements) to clustered laying patches (150-m diameter buffer around a clustered laying period location) during the incubation period.ResultsThe average proportion of recess movements to prospected locations was 56.9%. Nest fate was positively influenced (μ of posterior distribution with 95% credible 0.19, 0.06-0.37, probability of direction = 99.8%) by the number of patches (90-m diameter buffer around a clustered laying period location) a female visited during incubation recesses. Females selected for areas closer to the nest site, secondary roads, hardwood forest, mixed pine-hardwood forest, water, and shrub/scrub, whereas they avoided pine forest and open-treeless areas.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that having a diverse suite of clustered laying patches to support incubation recesses is impactful to nest fate. As such, local conditions within prospected locations during incubation may be key to successful reproductive output by wild turkeys. We suggest that prospecting could be important to other phenological periods. Furthermore, future research should evaluate how prospecting for brood-rearing locations may occur before or during the incubation period.

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Improving duckling hatchability and quality by optimization of egg turning angle during incubation.

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Improving duckling hatchability and quality by optimization of egg turning angle during incubation.

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