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Swine and poultry pathogens: the complete genome sequences of two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of Mycoplasma synoviae.

ABSTRACT: This work reports the results of analyses of three complete mycoplasma genomes, a pathogenic (7448) and a nonpathogenic (J) strain of the swine pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of the avian pathogen Mycoplasma synoviae; the genome sizes of the three strains were 920,079 bp, 897,405 bp, and 799,476 bp, respectively. These genomes were compared with other sequenced mycoplasma genomes reported in the literature to examine several aspects of mycoplasma evolution. Strain-specific regions, including integrative and conjugal elements, and genome rearrangements and alterations in adhesin sequences were observed in the M. hyopneumoniae strains, and all of these were potentially related to pathogenicity. Genomic comparisons revealed that reduction in genome size implied loss of redundant metabolic pathways, with maintenance of alternative routes in different species. Horizontal gene transfer was consistently observed between M. synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Our analyses indicated a likely transfer event of hemagglutinin-coding DNA sequences from M. gallisepticum to M. synoviae.

SUBMITTER: Vasconcelos AT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1196056 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Swine and poultry pathogens: the complete genome sequences of two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of Mycoplasma synoviae.

Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R AT Ferreira Henrique B HB Bizarro Cristiano V CV Bonatto Sandro L SL Carvalho Marcos O MO Pinto Paulo M PM Almeida Darcy F DF Almeida Luiz G P LG Almeida Rosana R Alves-Filho Leonardo L Assunção Enedina N EN Azevedo Vasco A C VA Bogo Maurício R MR Brigido Marcelo M MM Brocchi Marcelo M Burity Helio A HA Camargo Anamaria A AA Camargo Sandro S SS Carepo Marta S MS Carraro Dirce M DM de Mattos Cascardo Júlio C JC Castro Luiza A LA Cavalcanti Gisele G Chemale Gustavo G Collevatti Rosane G RG Cunha Cristina W CW Dallagiovanna Bruno B Dambrós Bibiana P BP Dellagostin Odir A OA Falcão Clarissa C Fantinatti-Garboggini Fabiana F Felipe Maria S S MS Fiorentin Laurimar L Franco Gloria R GR Freitas Nara S A NS Frías Diego D Grangeiro Thalles B TB Grisard Edmundo C EC Guimarães Claudia T CT Hungria Mariangela M Jardim Sílvia N SN Krieger Marco A MA Laurino Jomar P JP Lima Lucymara F A LF Lopes Maryellen I MI Loreto Elgion L S EL Madeira Humberto M F HM Manfio Gilson P GP Maranhão Andrea Q AQ Martinkovics Christyanne T CT Medeiros Sílvia R B SR Moreira Miguel A M MA Neiva Márcia M Ramalho-Neto Cicero E CE Nicolás Marisa F MF Oliveira Sergio C SC Paixão Roger F C RF Pedrosa Fábio O FO Pena Sérgio D J SD Pereira Maristela M Pereira-Ferrari Lilian L Piffer Itamar I Pinto Luciano S LS Potrich Deise P DP Salim Anna C M AC Santos Fabrício R FR Schmitt Renata R Schneider Maria P C MP Schrank Augusto A Schrank Irene S IS Schuck Adriana F AF Seuanez Hector N HN Silva Denise W DW Silva Rosane R Silva Sérgio C SC Soares Célia M A CM Souza Kelly R L KR Souza Rangel C RC Staats Charley C CC Steffens Maria B R MB Teixeira Santuza M R SM Urmenyi Turan P TP Vainstein Marilene H MH Zuccherato Luciana W LW Simpson Andrew J G AJ Zaha Arnaldo A

Journal of bacteriology 20050801 16

This work reports the results of analyses of three complete mycoplasma genomes, a pathogenic (7448) and a nonpathogenic (J) strain of the swine pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of the avian pathogen Mycoplasma synoviae; the genome sizes of the three strains were 920,079 bp, 897,405 bp, and 799,476 bp, respectively. These genomes were compared with other sequenced mycoplasma genomes reported in the literature to examine several aspects of mycoplasma evolution. Strain-specific region ...[more]

PMID: 16077101

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes respiratory disease in swine and contributes to the porcine respiratory disease complex, a major disease problem in the swine industry. The M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 genome is one of the smallest and best annotated microbial genomes, containing only 728 annotated genes and 691 known proteins. Standard protein databases for mass spectrometry only allow for the identification of known and predicted proteins, which if incorrect can limit our understanding of the biological processes at work. Proteogenomic mapping is a methodology which allows the entire 6-frame genome translation of an organism to be used as a mass spectrometry database to help identify unknown proteins as well as correct and confirm existing annotations. This methodology will be employed to perform an in-depth analysis of the M. hyopneumoniae proteome. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis indicates 483 of 691 (70%) known M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 proteins are expressed under the culture conditions given in this study. Furthermore, 171 of 328 (52%) hypothetical proteins have been confirmed. Proteogenomic mapping resulted in the identification of previously unannotated genes gatC and rpmF and 5-prime extensions to genes mhp063, mhp073, and mhp451, all conserved and annotated in other M. hyopneumoniae strains and Mycoplasma species. Gene prediction with Prodigal, a prokaryotic gene predicting program, completely supports the new genomic coordinates calculated using proteogenomic mapping. CONCLUSIONS: Proteogenomic mapping showed that the protein coding genes of the M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 identified in this study are well annotated. Only 1.8% of mapped peptides did not correspond to genes defined by the current genome annotation. This study also illustrates how proteogenomic mapping can be an important tool to help confirm, correct and append known gene models when using a genome sequence as search space for peptide mass spectra. Using a gene prediction program which scans for a wide variety of promoters can help ensure genes are accurately predicted or not missed completely. Furthermore, protein extraction using differential detergent fractionation effectively increases the number of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins identifiable my mass spectrometry.

Dataset Information

Swine and poultry pathogens: the complete genome sequences of two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of Mycoplasma synoviae.

Publications

Swine and poultry pathogens: the complete genome sequences of two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of Mycoplasma synoviae.

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