Dataset Information

Non-linear antigenic regions in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) studied by EGF-TGF alpha chimaeras.

ABSTRACT: With the help of 16 chimaeras between human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and human transforming growth factor alpha (hTGF alpha), a detailed analysis was performed on the epitope recognized by two polyclonal antibodies raised against hEGF, and one polyclonal antibody raised against hTGF alpha. All three antibodies recognized essentially the same antigenic site, a non-linear and conformation-dependent sequence that is located near the second and fourth disulphide-bonded cysteines and that includes the start of the B-loop beta-sheet. The epitope recognized by the anti-hEGF antibodies was further characterized using 8 chimaeras between hEGF and an EGF-repeat from Drosophila Notch and was found to include Met(21), Ala(30) and Asn(32). All three polyclonal antibodies were able to neutralize the biological activity of the respective growth factor when tested on 32D murine haematopoietic progenitor cells transfected with ErbB-1, indicating that the receptor binding domain is shielded upon binding of the antibody.

SUBMITTER: van de Poll ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1221147 | biostudies-literature | 2000 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-linear antigenic regions in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) studied by EGF-TGF alpha chimaeras.

van de Poll M L ML van Rotterdam W W Gadellaa M M MM Stortelers C C van Vugt M J MJ van Zoelen E J EJ

The Biochemical journal 20000701 Pt 1

With the help of 16 chimaeras between human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and human transforming growth factor alpha (hTGF alpha), a detailed analysis was performed on the epitope recognized by two polyclonal antibodies raised against hEGF, and one polyclonal antibody raised against hTGF alpha. All three antibodies recognized essentially the same antigenic site, a non-linear and conformation-dependent sequence that is located near the second and fourth disulphide-bonded cysteines and that inclu ...[more]

PMID: 10861238

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Project description:Appropriate growth and development of the endometrium across the menstrual cycle is key for a woman's quality of life and reproductive well-being. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affect a significant proportion of the female population worldwide. These endometrial pathologies have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life as well as placing a high economic burden on a country's health service. An underlying cause for both conditions is unknown in approximately 50% of cases. Previous research has demonstrated that aberrant endometrial vascular maturation is associated with both RPL and HMB, where it is increased in RPL but reduced in HMB. TGFβ1 is one of the key growth factors that regulate vascular maturation, by inducing phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a synthetic phenotype to a more contractile one. Our previous data demonstrated an increase in TGFβ1 in the endometrium of RPL, while others have shown a decrease in women with HMB. However, TGFβ1 bioavailability is tightly controlled, and we therefore sought to perform an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of different components in the pathway in the endometrium of normal controls, women with HMB or RPL. In addition, two in vitro models were used to examine the role of TGFβ1 in endometrial vascular maturation and endothelial cell (EC):VSMC association. Taken all together, the immunohistochemical data suggest a decrease in bioavailability, receptor binding capacity, and signaling in the endometrium of women with HMB compared with controls. In contrast, there is an increase in the bioavailability of active TGFβ1 in the endometrium of women with RPL compared with controls. Endometrial explants cultured in TGFβ1 had an increase in the number of vessels associated with contractile VSMC markers, although the total number of vessels did not increase. In addition, TGFβ1 increased EC:VSMC association in an in vitro model. In conclusion, TGFβ1 is a key regulator of endometrial vascular maturation and could be considered as a therapeutic target for women suffering from HMB and/or RPL.

Project description:Transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have critical roles in regulating the metastasis of aggressive breast cancers, yet the impact of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-? in altering the response of breast cancer cells to EGF remains unknown. We show in this study that murine metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells formed compact and dense spheroids when cultured under three-dimensional (3D) conditions, which was in sharp contrast to the branching phenotypes exhibited by their nonmetastatic counterparts. Using the human MCF10A series, we show that epithelial-type and nonmetastatic breast cancer cells were unable to invade to EGF, whereas their mesenchymal-type and metastatic counterparts readily invaded to EGF. Furthermore, EMT induced by TGF-? was sufficient to manifest dense spheroid morphologies, a phenotype that increased primary tumor exit and invasion to EGF. Post-EMT invasion to EGF was dependent on increased activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, all of which could be abrogated either by pharmacologic (PF-562271) or by genetic (shRNA) targeting of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Mechanistically, EMT induced by TGF-? increased cell-surface levels of EGFR and prevented its physical interaction with E-cadherin, leading instead to the formation of oncogenic signaling complexes with T?R-II. Elevated EGFR expression was sufficient to transform normal mammary epithelial cells, and to progress their 3D morphology from that of hollow acini to branched structures characteristic of nonmetastatic breast cancer cells. Importantly, we show that TGF-? stimulation of EMT enabled this EGFR-driven breast cancer model to abandon their inherent branching architecture and form large, undifferentiated masses that were hyperinvasive to EGF and showed increased pulmonary tumor growth upon tail vein injection. Finally, chemotherapeutic targeting of FAK was sufficient to revert the aggressive behaviors of these structures. Collectively, this investigation has identified a novel EMT-based approach to neutralize the oncogenic activities of EGF and TGF-? in aggressive and invasive forms of breast cancer.

Dataset Information

Non-linear antigenic regions in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) studied by EGF-TGF alpha chimaeras.

Publications

Non-linear antigenic regions in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) studied by EGF-TGF alpha chimaeras.

Similar Datasets

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