US teenager's parents sue school over depression screening test.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lenzer J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1239998 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:School-age children are important drivers of annual influenza epidemics yet influenza vaccination coverage of this population is low despite universal publicly funded influenza vaccination in Alberta, Canada. Immunizing children at school may potentially increase vaccine uptake. As parents are a key stakeholder group for such a program, it is important to consider their concerns. PURPOSE:We explored parents' perspectives on the acceptability of adding an annual influenza immunization to the immunization program that is currently delivered in Alberta schools, and obtained suggestions for structuring such a program. PARTICIPANTS:Forty-eight parents of children aged 5-18 years participated in 9 focus groups. Participants lived in urban areas of the Alberta Health Services Calgary Zone. FINDINGS:Three major themes emerged: Advantages of school-based influenza vaccination (SBIV), Disadvantages of SBIV, and Implications for program design & delivery. Advantages were perceived to occur for different populations: children (e.g. emotional support), families (e.g. convenience), the community (e.g. benefits for school and multicultural communities), the health sector (e.g. reductions in costs due to burden of illness) and to society at large (e.g. indirect conduit of information about health services, building structure for pandemic preparedness, building healthy lifestyles). Disadvantages, however, might also occur for children (e.g. older children less likely to be immunized), families (e.g. communication challenges, perceived loss of parental control over information, choices and decisions) and the education sector (loss of instructional time). Nine second-level themes emerged within the major theme of Implications for program design & delivery: program goals/objectives, consent process, stakeholder consultation, age-appropriate program, education, communication, logistics, immunizing agent, and clinic process. CONCLUSIONS:Parents perceived advantages and disadvantages to delivering annual seasonal influenza immunizations to children at school. Their input gives a framework of issues to address in order to construct robust, acceptable programs for delivering influenza or other vaccines in schools.
| S-EPMC3970961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Children with gastroschisis are at high risk of morbidity in early life, which could affect long-term outcomes. We determined parent-reported outcomes in school-aged children born in 2000-2012, using paper questionnaires. Parent-perceived child vulnerability and motor function were compared with the Dutch reference data; parent-rated data on cognition, health status, quality of life, and behavior were compared with those of controls matched for age, gender, and maternal education level. Of 77 eligible participants, 31 (40%) returned the questionnaires. Parent-reported motor function was normal in 23 (74%) children. Total scores on health status, quality of life, and behavior did not differ significantly from those of matched controls. Children with gastroschisis had lower scores on cognition (median (interquartile range); 109 (87-127)) than their matched controls (124 (113-140); p?=?0.04). Neonatal intestinal failure and increased parent-perceived vulnerability were associated with lower scores on cognition (? -?25.66 (95% confidence interval -?49.41, -?1.91); -?2.76 (-?5.27, -?0.25), respectively).Conclusion: Parent-reported outcomes of school-aged children with gastroschisis were mainly reassuring. Clinicians and parents should be aware of the higher risk of cognitive problems, especially in those with neonatal intestinal failure or increased parent-perceived vulnerability. We recommend multidisciplinary follow-up at school age of children with gastroschisis and neonatal intestinal failure. What is Known: • Many infants with gastroschisis experience morbidity in early life. • Data on developmental outcomes and daily functioning in children with gastroschisis beyond the age of 5 years are scarce and conflicting. What is New: • Parents of school-aged children treated for gastroschisis report normal motor function, health status, quality of life, and behavior. • Children with gastroschisis, especially those with intestinal failure, may be at risk for cognitive problems at school age. Parents who reported their child as being more vulnerable also reported more cognitive problems at school age.
| S-EPMC6694033 | biostudies-literature
Project description:No validated instruments for assessing school users' satisfaction are available. This paper means to contribute to address this lack. It outlines a new instrument of measurement of school users' satisfaction - QUASUS (QUestionnaire for the Analysis of the School User's Satisfaction). The main peculiarity of QUASUS lies in the fact that it pays specific attention to the dimension of prosumership, namely the view of the client-service co-constructive relation as a constitutive component of the service's construction and delivery. The study reports the output of an initial validation study of the instrument. Based on two samples of parents (N = 2802 and N = 1365) from Italian schools, analyses provided support to the hypotheses tested: QUASUS proved to be characterized by a good level of reliability (HP1); is able to detect the component comprising the school users' satisfaction (HP2); proves a global connotation of the experience of the school by a unidimensional measure of the overall satisfaction (HP3), associated significantly with the prosumership (HP4).
| S-EPMC6349731 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Variable screening has emerged as a crucial first step in the analysis of high-throughput data, but existing procedures can be computationally cumbersome, difficult to justify theoretically, or inapplicable to certain types of analyses. Motivated by a high-dimensional censored quantile regression problem in multiple myeloma genomics, this article makes three contributions. First, we establish a score test-based screening framework, which is widely applicable, extremely computationally efficient, and relatively simple to justify. Secondly, we propose a resampling-based procedure for selecting the number of variables to retain after screening according to the principle of reproducibility. Finally, we propose a new iterative score test screening method which is closely related to sparse regression. In simulations we apply our methods to four different regression models and show that they can outperform existing procedures. We also apply score test screening to an analysis of gene expression data from multiple myeloma patients using a censored quantile regression model to identify high-risk genes.
| S-EPMC4427573 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the existence of depression and/or anxiety with underlying risk factors among parents of children with classical phenylketonuria (PKU).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara Children`s Hospital, Dokuz Eylul University, Kirikkale University, and Erzurum Local Research Hospital, Turkey, between January and July 2014. Parents of 61 patients and 36 healthy controls completed the self-report questionnaires. We used Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess the parental depression and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory S-T (STAI S-T) to assess parental anxiety.ResultsDepression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in the case group (BDI: 12.3 ± 9.1; STAI-S: 38.2 ± 9.6; STAI-T: 43.2 ± 6.9) than controls (BDI: 5.4 ± 4.1 p=0.000; STAI-S: 31.8 ± 7.6 p=0.001; STAI-T: 37.0 ± 7.2 p=0.000). Mothers of the patients had higher scores than the other parental groups (BDI: p=0.000, STAI-S: p=0.001 and STAI-T: p=0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level of the parent was the only independent factor for depression (OR: 9.96, 95% CI: 1.89-52.35, p=0.007) and state anxiety (OR: 6.99, 95% CI: 1.22-40.48, p=0.030) in the case group.ConclusionA subset of parents with PKU patients have an anxiety or depressive disorder. Supportive services dealing with the parents of chronically ill children such as PKU are needed in order to reduce the level of anxiety.
| S-EPMC4727619 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePrior work suggests executive dysfunction (ED) on the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 Initiation/Perseveration subscale (DRS IP) predicts poor antidepressant response in late-life depression. This study examined if either patient perception of ED or the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) could identify patients with impairment on the SCWT or DRS IP.MethodsPatients were 65 or older and had a diagnosis of major depression without dementia. Cognition was assessed with the TMT-B, the SCWT, and the DRS IP. A self-reported Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) subscale assessed patients' perceptions of ED.ResultsIn 247 participants (mean age 71.3 years), the PDQ subscale was not associated with test performance. The sensitivity of the TMT-B in identifying impairment on the SCWT or DRS IP was low (35% and 23%, respectively).ConclusionNeither the TMT-B nor self-reports are useful screening tools for ED on the SCWT or DRS IP.
| S-EPMC9469772 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Current evidence demonstrates that, while a widely used tool for childhood obesity prevention, school-based BMI reports do not effectively reduce pediatric obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the presumed mechanisms by which BMI reporting might impact child weight by assessing parents': (1) recall of BMI reports, (2) accuracy in recalling child overweight status, and (3) reactions to BMI reports. Methods: Mailed surveys were completed by 2205 racially/ethnically diverse parents of third- to seventh-grade students participating in the Fit Study who had either been exposed to 1 year of child BMI reporting (one report) or 2 years (two reports). Results: After 1 year of BMI reporting, parents of children with overweight were less likely [odds ratio (OR)?=?0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-0.9] to recall receiving a BMI report and less likely (OR?=?0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3) to accurately recall their child's weight status from the BMI report, compared with parents of children with healthy weight. Differences in accuracy of child weight status recall persisted after 2 years of BMI reporting exposure. Only 22% of parents of children at risk for overweight and with overweight reported being surprised by the results. Conclusions: Parents' recall of receiving a school-based BMI report is low, as is the accuracy of recall of child's overweight status. Additionally, parents' surprise at, and concern for, BMI results is limited. Current BMI reports may be ineffective at reducing pediatric obesity due to their lack of salience and ability to compel meaningful behavior change among parents.
| S-EPMC6862949 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of the present study was to explore what parents know about their Children's boredom in school; specifically, the frequency, intensity, and antecedents of their Children's boredom, as well as how they cope with boredom. A questionnaire was administered to 437 grade 9 students (54% female, M age = 14.82) and their parents (72% mothers, 14% fathers, 12% both parents, M age = 45.26) measuring variables related to students boredom in mathematics class. Three different measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of parents' judgments: (1) the correlation between parents' and students' answers, (2) the mean differences between parents' and students' answers, and (3) the mean values of absolute differences of parents' and students' answers. The results suggest that parents generally have an informed knowledge about their child's boredom and related facets. This is reflected by a mean correlation of medium size ( = 0.34) and a small mean effect size of the difference between parents' and students' judgments over all items ( = 0.20). Parents are also substantially better in judging their Children's boredom compared to guessing for all variables (mean effect size of = 0.65). They had the most precise judgments for the frequency and intensity of boredom. The antecedents of boredom (e.g., characteristics of instruction) were also well estimated by parents; specifically, parents tend to have a bias in favor for their children evidenced by overestimating antecedents that cannot be influenced by the students and underestimating those that can be influenced by the students. The least concordance was found between parents' and Children's perception of boredom coping strategies (e.g., accepting boredom), implying that parents lack information about how their children intentionally cope with boredom. Implications for research on student boredom are discussed as well as practical applications involving parents in boredom prevention.
| S-EPMC4927813 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLongitudinal studies assessing depression and anxiety effects on cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited.ObjectiveWe tested whether within-person fluctuations in symptoms of depression or anxiety over time affect cognition in persons with MS, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and a lifetime history of depression/anxiety disorders (DEP/ANX) but without an immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID).MethodsWe followed participants (MS: 255, IBD: 247, RA: 154, and DEP/ANX: 306) for 3 years. Annually, they completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and cognitive tests including the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). We evaluated associations of elevated symptoms (scores ⩾ 11) of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) with SDMT z-scores using multivariable linear models-estimating between-person and within-person effects.ResultsParticipants with MS performed worse on the SDMT than participants in the DEP/ANX cohort (β = -0.68; 95% CI: -0.88, -0.48). Participants with elevated HADS-A scores performed worse on the SDMT than those without elevated scores (β = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.65, -0.21), particularly those with RA. Time-varying within-person elevations in depressive symptoms were associated with worse SDMT performance (β = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.021).ConclusionsAcross persons, elevated symptoms of anxiety adversely affected information processing. Elevated symptoms of depression within-persons over time were associated with declines in information processing speed.
| S-EPMC8226371 | biostudies-literature
Project description:School scoliosis screening has been carried out around the world. The screen program has never been performed on Chongming Island, the third largest island in China and characterized less population exchange with the rest of China. This study was designed to examine scoliotic parameters in children from Chongming Island and determine whether the parameters differed from those of the published data.A total of 6824 children (3477 boys and 3347 girls) aged from 6 to 17 were recruited. The screen included Adam's test and scoliometer measurements. Posteroanterior radiographic evaluation was performed if trunk rotation was 5° or more.One hundred seventy two were confirmed with Cobb angle of 10° or more; the prevalence was 2.52 %, higher in girls (3.11 %) than in boys (1.96 %) (p?<?0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between prevalence and age. Majority curves were minor (from 10 to 19°). The most common thoracic curve was right curve (60.3 % of all thoracic curves), while the most common thoracolumbar (75.5 %) and lumbar curves (64.7 %) were left curves.The prevalence of scoliosis on Chongming Island was 2.52 %. This study indicates that epidemiology of scoliosis has regional variation, and genetic differences may contribute such difference.
| S-EPMC4957389 | biostudies-other