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Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California.

ABSTRACT: The ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in urban environments makes tracking of fecal contamination extremely challenging. A multitiered approach was used to assess sources of fecal pollution in Ballona Creek, an urban watershed that drains to the Santa Monica Bay (SMB) near Los Angeles, Calif. A mass-based design at six main-stem sites and four major tributaries over a 6-h period was used (i) to assess the flux of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli by using culture-based methods (tier 1); (ii) to assess levels of Enterococcus spp. by using quantitative PCR and to detect and/or quantify additional markers of human fecal contamination, including a human-specific Bacteroides sp. marker and enterovirus, using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (tier 2); and (iii) to assess the specific types of enterovirus genomes found via sequence analysis (tier 3). Sources of fecal indicator bacteria were ubiquitous, and concentrations were high, throughout Ballona Creek, with no single tributary dominating fecal inputs. The flux of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli averaged 10(9) to 10(10) cells h(-1) and was as high at the head of the watershed as at the mouth prior to discharge into the SMB. In addition, a signal for the human-specific Bacteroides marker was consistently detected: 86% of the samples taken over the extent during the study period tested positive. Enteroviruses were quantifiable in 14 of 36 samples (39%), with the highest concentrations at the site furthest upstream (Cochran). These results indicated the power of using multiple approaches to assess and quantify fecal contamination in freshwater conduits to high-use, high-priority recreational swimming areas.

SUBMITTER: Noble RT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1392893 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California.

Noble Rachel T RT Griffith John F JF Blackwood A Denene AD Fuhrman Jed A JA Gregory Jason B JB Hernandez Ximena X Liang Xiaolin X Bera Angie A AA Schiff Kenneth K

Applied and environmental microbiology 20060201 2

The ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in urban environments makes tracking of fecal contamination extremely challenging. A multitiered approach was used to assess sources of fecal pollution in Ballona Creek, an urban watershed that drains to the Santa Monica Bay (SMB) near Los Angeles, Calif. A mass-based design at six main-stem sites and four major tributaries over a 6-h period was used (i) to assess the flux of Enterococcus spp. and E. coli by ...[more]

PMID: 16461716

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Dataset Information

Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California.

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Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California.

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