Paul Polani
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Harper P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1403236 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Founder of the world's first neonatal surgical unit
| S-EPMC293007 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Escherichia coli is both a commensal and a pathogen in humans and other animals. Here, we describe the isolation of E. coli strain 4s bacteriophage Paul. The complete 79,429-bp genome was annotated and demonstrates similarity with phieco32viruses, as does its prolate podophage morphology.
| S-EPMC6787329 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of an aqueous Paul trap using a proof-of-principle planar device. Radio frequency voltages are used to generate an alternating focusing/defocusing potential well in two orthogonal directions. Individual charged particles are dynamically confined into nanometer scale in space. Compared with conventional Paul traps working in frictionless vacuum, the aqueous environment associated with damping forces and thermally induced fluctuations (Brownian noise) exerts a fundamental influence on the underlying physics. We investigate the impact of these two effects on the confining dynamics, with the aim to reduce the rms value of the positional fluctuations. We find that the rms fluctuations can be modulated by adjusting the voltages and frequencies. This technique provides an alternative for the localization and control of charged particles in an aqueous environment.
| S-EPMC3111334 | biostudies-other
Project description:Relict woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) populations survived on several small Beringian islands for thousands of years after mainland populations went extinct. Here we present multiproxy paleoenvironmental records to investigate the timing, causes, and consequences of mammoth disappearance from St. Paul Island, Alaska. Five independent indicators of extinction show that mammoths survived on St. Paul until 5,600 ± 100 y ago. Vegetation composition remained stable during the extinction window, and there is no evidence of human presence on the island before 1787 CE, suggesting that these factors were not extinction drivers. Instead, the extinction coincided with declining freshwater resources and drier climates between 7,850 and 5,600 y ago, as inferred from sedimentary magnetic susceptibility, oxygen isotopes, and diatom and cladoceran assemblages in a sediment core from a freshwater lake on the island, and stable nitrogen isotopes from mammoth remains. Contrary to other extinction models for the St. Paul mammoth population, this evidence indicates that this mammoth population died out because of the synergistic effects of shrinking island area and freshwater scarcity caused by rising sea levels and regional climate change. Degradation of water quality by intensified mammoth activity around the lake likely exacerbated the situation. The St. Paul mammoth demise is now one of the best-dated prehistoric extinctions, highlighting freshwater limitation as an overlooked extinction driver and underscoring the vulnerability of small island populations to environmental change, even in the absence of human influence.
| S-EPMC4995940 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mast cells are tissue resident, innate immune cells with heterogenous phenotypes tuned by cytokines and other microenvironmental stimuli. Playing a protective role in parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, mast cells are also known for their role in the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we review factors controlling mast cell activation, with a focus on receptor signaling and potential therapies for allergic disease. Specifically, we will discuss our work with Fc?RI and F?R signaling, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-?1 treatment, and Stat5. We conclude with potential therapeutics for allergic disease. Much of these efforts have been influenced by the work of Bill Paul. With many mechanistic targets for mast cell activation and different classes of therapeutics being studied, there is reason to be hopeful for continued clinical progress in this area.
| S-EPMC5932183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn an effort to improve stroke quality of care and patient outcomes, quality of care metrics are monitored to assess utilization of evidence-based stroke care processes as part of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP). We aimed to assess temporal trends in defect-free care (DFC) received by stroke patients in the PCNASP between 2008 and 2018.MethodsQuality of care data for 10 performance measures were available for 849,793 patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to a participating hospital with a clinical diagnosis of stroke between 2008 and 2018. A patient who receives care according to all performance measures for which they are eligible, receives "defect-free care" (DFC) (eg, appropriate medications, assessments, and education). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the factors associated with receipt of DFC.ResultsDFC among ischemic stroke patients increased from 38.0% in 2008 to 80.8% in 2018 (P < .0001), with the largest improvement seen in receipt of stroke education (relative percent change, RPC = 64%). Similarly, DFC for hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients increased from 46.7% to 82.6% (RPC = 76.9%) and 39.9% to 85.0% (RPC = 113.0%) (P < .001), respectively. Among ischemic stroke patients, the adjusted odds for receiving DFC were lower for women, patients aged 18 to 54 years, Medicaid or Medicare participants, and patients with atrial fibrillation (P < .05).ConclusionsFrom 2008 to 2018, receipt of DFC by ischemic stroke patients significantly increased in the PCNASP; however certain subgroups were less likely to receive this level of care. Targeted quality improvement initiatives could result in even further improvements among all stroke patients and help reduce disparities in care.
| S-EPMC8114176 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this video Q&A, we talk to Paul Wicks about the emergence of participant-led research, and discuss how this field may be expected to develop in the near future, particularly with regard to personalized medicine.
| S-EPMC4104463 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Conservation policy and practice can sometimes run counter to their mutual aims of ensuring species survival. In Kenya, where threatened predators such as lion deplete endangered prey such as Grevy's zebra, conservation practitioners seek to ensure species success through exclusive strategies of protection, population increase and preservation. We found strong selection for the endangered Grevy's zebra by both lion and hyena on two small fenced conservancies in Kenya. Despite abundant diversity of available prey, Grevy's zebra were selected disproportionately more than their availability, while other highly available species such as buffalo were avoided. Lions were therefore not alone in presenting a credible threat to Grevy's zebra survival. Conservation practitioners must consider interlinked characteristics of prey selection, resource availability and quality, the interplay between carnivore guild members and landscape scale population trends performance in wildlife management decisions.
| S-EPMC6798864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: As many as 50% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will develop systemic metastases. When hepatic metastases from RCC present in a resectable distribution, our group and other groups have previously shown that some patients benefit from curative hepatic resection. In this report we update our own experience and summarize the literature published to date on this topic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1982 to 2005, 19 patients (9 men, 10 women, median age 50 years) with hepatic metastases from RCC were treated with hepatic resection at our institution. In 14 (74%) of the 19 patients the presentation of hepatic metastases was metachronous. Seven (37%) patients had been or were simultaneously treated for extrahepatic metastases. The mean tumor number was 2 and the mean diameter of the largest metastasis was 73 mm. RESULTS: Margin-negative resection was achieved in 17 (89%) of 19 cases. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 32% and 5%, respectively. At a median follow-up interval of 26 months, 15 patients recurred with a mean time to recurrence of 12 months. The 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 25% and 25%, respectively; 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 52% and 26%, respectively, with one patient alive 5 years following first hepatectomy. Study factors which predicted prolonged survivals included male sex and maximum tumor diameter </=5 cm. DISCUSSION: The overall survival rates in our series (3-year, 52%; 5-year, 26%) and in a complete review of the literature (3-year, 24%; 5-year, 18%) indicate that selected patients with hepatic metastases from RCC benefit from hepatic resection.
| S-EPMC2131423 | biostudies-other