Another 2.4 million health professionals needed, says WHO.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kmietowicz Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1432164 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Another 2.4 million health professionals needed, says WHO.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 20060401 7545
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Project description:BackgroundHypertension, a significant risk factor for global public health, is well-known to be preventable and manageable through physical activity (PA). However, many studies suggest that excessive PA may not provide additional benefits. Thus, we aimed to conduct a quantitative analysis of the relationship between hypertension and PA levels.MethodsThis study analyzed the association between PA and hypertension using data from 2,429,588 South Korean adults aged 30 years and older from the Korean Community Health Survey conducted from 2009 to 2022. We used weighted binary logistic regression and generalized additive models to examine the relationship, adjusting for various sociodemographic factors. PA was categorized into moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) based on World Health Organization guidelines to study the association between hypertension and PA intensity.ResultsThe greatest reduction in hypertension risk was associated with 1,090 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week, with no additional reduction beyond this point. Additionally, MPA (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-0.93) had a stronger association with reducing hypertension risk compared to VPA (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97) at higher levels of PA (> 1,800 MET minutes per week). Subgroup analyses showed that older age, lower education level, and lower income were associated with greater reductions in hypertension risk at the same PA levels.ConclusionsModerate amounts of PA are associated with a lower risk of hypertension, but additional activity beyond this may not provide further benefits. With a high amount of PA, MPA is more effective than VPA in reducing hypertension risk. Since the effectiveness of PA in preventing hypertension varies across different sociodemographic factors, appropriate policies tailored to specific groups are necessary.
| S-EPMC11800283 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1584348 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1601991 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)
| PRJNA492370 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundThe study aimed to identify the causes of moral distress in public health professionals associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential ways of avoiding or mitigating the distress.MethodsThe survey was distributed to all members of the UK Faculty of Public Health between 14 December 2021 and 23 February 2022. Conventional qualitative content analysis was conducted to explore the situations in which moral distress arises, the moral judgments that led to distress and the proposed ways to address moral distress.ResultsA total of 629 responses were received from respondents broadly representative of the public health professional workforce. The main situations causing moral distress were national policy, guidance and law; public health advice; and workplace environments. Moral distress was precipitated by judgments about having caused injury, being unable to do good, dishonest communications and unjust prioritization. The need to improve guidance, communication and preparedness was recognized, though there was disagreement over how to achieve this. There were consistent calls for more subsidiarity, moral development and support and freedom to voice concerns.ConclusionsThe causes of moral distress in public health are distinct from other healthcare professions. Important proposals for addressing moral distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been voiced by public health professionals themselves.
| S-EPMC10901263 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPatients may benefit from continuity of care by a personal physician general practitioner (GP), but there are few studies on consequences of a break in continuity of GP. Investigate how a sudden discontinuity of GP care affects their list patients' regular GP consultations, out-of-hours consultations and acute hospital admissions, including admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).DesignCohort study linking person-level national register data on use of health services and GP affiliation with data on GP activity and GP characteristics.SettingPrimary care.Participants2 409 409 Norwegians assigned to the patient lists of 2560 regular GPs who, after 12 months of stable practice, had a sudden discontinuity of practice lasting two or more months between 2007 and 2017.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMonthly GP consultations, out-of-hours consultations, acute hospital admissions and ACSC admissions in periods during and 12 months after the discontinuity, compared with the 12-month period before the discontinuity using logistic regression models.ResultsAll patient age groups had a 3%-5% decreased odds of monthly regular GP consultations during the discontinuity. Odds of monthly out-of-hours consultations increased 2%-6% during the discontinuity for all adult age groups. A 7%-9% increase in odds of ACSC admissions during the period 1-6 months after discontinuity was indicated in patients over the age of 65, but in general little or no change in acute hospital admissions was observed during or after the period of discontinuity.ConclusionsModest changes in health service use were observed during and after a sudden discontinuity in practice among patients with a previously stable regular GP. Older patients seem sensitive to increased acute hospital admissions in the absence of their personal GP.
| S-EPMC7888374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:People living in densely populated and socially disorganized areas have higher rates of psychiatric morbidity, but the potential causal status of such factors is uncertain. We used nationwide Swedish longitudinal registry data to identify all children born 1967-1989 (n = 2361585), including separate datasets for all cousins (n = 1715059) and siblings (n = 1667894). The nature of the associations between population density and neighborhood deprivation and individual risk for a schizophrenia diagnosis was investigated while adjusting for unobserved familial risk factors (through cousin and sibling comparisons) and then compared with similar associations for depression. We generated familial pedigree structures using the Multi-Generation Registry and identified study participants with schizophrenia and depression using the National Patient Registry. Fixed-effects logistic regression models were used to study within-family estimates. Population density, measured as ln(population size/km(2)), at age 15 predicted subsequent schizophrenia in the population (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.09; 1.11). Unobserved familial risk factors shared by cousins within extended families attenuated the association (1.06; 1.03; 1.10), and the link disappeared entirely within nuclear families (1.02; 0.97; 1.08). Similar results were found for neighborhood deprivation as predictor and for depression as outcome. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that timing and accumulation effects of the exposures (mean scores across birth, ages 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15 years) did not alter the findings. Excess risks of psychiatric morbidity, particularly schizophrenia, in densely populated and socioeconomically deprived Swedish neighborhoods appear, therefore, to result primarily from unobserved familial selection factors. Previous studies may have overemphasized the etiological importance of these environmental factors.
| S-EPMC4332947 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1315678 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC10982857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The absence of evidence to assess treatment efficacy partially underpins the unsustainable expenditure of the US healthcare system, a challenge exacerbated by a limited understanding of the factors influencing the translation of clinical research into practice. Leveraging a dataset of >10,000 UpToDate articles, sampled every 3 months between 2011 and 2020, we trace the path of research (37,050 newly added articles from 887 journals) from initial publication to the point-of-care, compared to the 2.4 million uncited studies published during the same time window across 18 medical specialties. Our analysis reveals substantial variation in how specialties prioritize/adopt research, with regards to a fraction of literature cited (0.4-2.4%) and quality-of-evidence incorporated. In 9 of 18 specialties, less than 1 in 10 clinical trials are ever cited. Furthermore, case reports represent one of the most cited article types in 12 of 18 specialties, comprising nearly a third of newly added references for some specialties (e.g. dermatology). Anesthesiology, cardiology, critical care, geriatrics, internal medicine, and oncology tended to favor higher-quality evidence. By modeling citations as a function of National Institutes of Health (NIH) department-specific funding, we estimate the cost of bringing one new clinical citation to the point-of-care as ranging from thousands to tens of thousands of dollars depending on specialty. The success of a subset of specialties in incorporating a larger proportion of published research, as well as high(er) quality of evidence, demonstrates the existence of translational strategies that should be applied more broadly. In addition to providing a baseline for monitoring the efficiency of research investments, we also describe new 'impact' indices to assess the efficacy of reforms to the clinical scientific enterprise.
| S-EPMC10115455 | biostudies-literature