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The regulated expression of chimeric tyrosine hydroxylase-insulin transcripts during early development.

ABSTRACT: Biological complexity does not appear to be simply correlated with gene number but rather other mechanisms contribute to the morphological and functional diversity across phyla. Such mechanisms regulate different transcriptional, translational and post-translational processes and include the recently identified transcription induced chimerism (TIC). We have found two novel chimeric transcripts in the chick and quail that result from the fusion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and insulin into a single mature transcript. The th and insulin genes are located in tandem and they are generally transcribed independently. However, it appears that two chimeric transcripts containing exons from both the genes can also be produced in a regulated manner. The TH-INS1 and TH-INS2 chimeras differ in their insulin gene content, and they encode two novel isoforms of the TH protein with markedly reduced functionality when compared with the canonical TH. In addition, the TH-INS1 chimeric mRNA generates a small amount of insulin. We propose that TIC is an additional mechanism that can be employed to further regulate TH and insulin expression according to the specific needs of developing vertebrates.

SUBMITTER: Hernandez-Sanchez C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1524912 | biostudies-literature | 2006

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The regulated expression of chimeric tyrosine hydroxylase-insulin transcripts during early development.

Hernández-Sánchez Catalina C Bártulos Oscar O Valenciano Ana I AI Mansilla Alicia A de Pablo Flora F

Nucleic acids research 20060713 12

Biological complexity does not appear to be simply correlated with gene number but rather other mechanisms contribute to the morphological and functional diversity across phyla. Such mechanisms regulate different transcriptional, translational and post-translational processes and include the recently identified transcription induced chimerism (TIC). We have found two novel chimeric transcripts in the chick and quail that result from the fusion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and insulin into a sing ...[more]

PMID: 16840532

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Project description:During permissive in vitro infection, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL36-38 and US3 immediate-early (IE) regions give rise to multiple distinct species of RNA in a temporally regulated manner. We have compared the temporally regulated expression of the UL36-38 and US3 regions with that of the well-characterized major IE (MIE) region. Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations with antisense RNA probes were used to examine RNA isolated from infected cells at IE, early, and late times after infection and from cells infected in the presence of anisomycin (used to block de novo viral protein synthesis) or in the presence of phosphonoformate (used to block HCMV DNA synthesis). Different US3 region transcripts were expressed in the cytoplasm during the IE and late phases of infection, with kinetics similar to those of the MIE region. In contrast, various cytoplasmic transcripts from the UL36-38 region were expressed during each of the IE, early, and late phases of infection, including some expressed from IE through late times. The levels of steady-state RNA from the US3 and MIE regions were increased dramatically by infection in the presence of anisomycin, predominantly because of an increase in multiply spliced transcripts. Two of the three UL36-38 IE transcripts were largely unaffected by anisomycin and were expressed abundantly throughout infection, but a third, multiply spliced UL36-38 IE transcript was abundant only during infection in the presence of anisomycin. Nuclear, cytoplasmic, and polysome-associated transcripts from the three IE regions were not significantly different qualitatively or quantitatively. These results suggest that posttranscriptional controls at the levels of nuclear retention or polysome exclusion of transcripts are not operative for the IE region genes. Overall, these results indicate common features of expression of US3, MIE, and UL36-38, in addition to distinctive expression of the UL36-38 region during all temporal phases of expression.

Dataset Information

The regulated expression of chimeric tyrosine hydroxylase-insulin transcripts during early development.

Publications

The regulated expression of chimeric tyrosine hydroxylase-insulin transcripts during early development.

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