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Side population in adult murine epidermis exhibits phenotypic and functional characteristics of keratinocyte stem cells.

ABSTRACT: Based on functional studies in the bone marrow, it has been suggested that the ability to efflux Hoechst 33342 may represent a universal stem cell trait. In this phenotypic and functional characterization of the Hoechst side population (SP) in adult murine epidermis, we demonstrate that these cells are a rare subset of the keratinocyte stem cell-enriched alpha(6)(bri)CD71(dim) fraction comprising SSC(low)/K14(+)/CD34(-)/Oil red O(-)/c-kit(-)/CD45(-) keratinocytes. Epidermal SPs have the smallest cell and nuclear size but exhibit the highest nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of any fraction examined, consistent with a primitive cell type. Although SPs demonstrated poor cumulative in vitro proliferative output, they exhibited sustained epidermal tissue-regenerative activity in vivo compared with unfractionated and non-SP cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the epidermal SP contains the most potent keratinocyte stem cell population in skin epithelium.

SUBMITTER: Redvers RP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1559771 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Side population in adult murine epidermis exhibits phenotypic and functional characteristics of keratinocyte stem cells.

Redvers Richard P RP Li Amy A Kaur Pritinder P

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20060818 35

Based on functional studies in the bone marrow, it has been suggested that the ability to efflux Hoechst 33342 may represent a universal stem cell trait. In this phenotypic and functional characterization of the Hoechst side population (SP) in adult murine epidermis, we demonstrate that these cells are a rare subset of the keratinocyte stem cell-enriched alpha(6)(bri)CD71(dim) fraction comprising SSC(low)/K14(+)/CD34(-)/Oil red O(-)/c-kit(-)/CD45(-) keratinocytes. Epidermal SPs have the smallest ...[more]

PMID: 16920793

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Project description:Pituitary adenomas cause significant endocrine and mass-related morbidity. Not much is known about mechanisms underlying pituitary tumor pathogenesis.We searched for a side population (SP) in pituitary tumor, representing cells with high efflux capacity and potentially enriching for cancer/tumor stem cells (CSC/TSC). Human pituitary adenomas contain a SP irrespective of hormonal phenotype. This adenoma SP, as well as the further purified SP (pSP) depleted from endothelial and immune cells, enriches for cells that express ‘tumor stemness’ markers and signaling pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-linked factors. The adenomas were found to contain self-renewing sphere-forming cells, considered a property of TSC. The sphere-initiating cells were retrieved in the pSP.Because benign pituitary adenomas do not grow in vitro and failed to expand in immunodeficient mice, the pituitary tumor cell line AtT20 was further used. We identified a SP in this cell line and found it more tumorigenic than the main population (MP). Of the two EMT-regulatory pathways tested, inhibition of Cxcr4 signaling reduced EMT-linked cell motility in vitro as well as xenograft tumor growth, whereas activation of TGFβ had no effect.The tumor pSP showed upregulated expression of the pituitary stem cell marker SOX2. Pituitaries from dopamine receptor D2 knockout (Drd2-/-) mice bearing prolactinomas, contain more pSP, Sox2+ and colony-forming cells than wildtype glands.In conclusion, we detected a SP in pituitary tumors and identified TSC-associated characteristics. Our study may contribute to a better understanding of pituitary tumor pathogenesis and lead to new therapeutic targets. We determined gene expression profiles for 9 human pituitary adenoma samples (5 x NF-A; 4 x GH-A). The samples were obtained immediately after transsphenoidal resection (by the neurosurgeon Dr. van Loon, Division Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven). Informed consent was received from the patients. Hormonal phenotype was determined by the Department of Imaging and Pathology (University Hospitals Leuven). For each sample, total SP and MP cells were sorted by FACS. Separate assays were run subsequently for the two fractions. As such we present data from 18 microarrays.

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Side population in adult murine epidermis exhibits phenotypic and functional characteristics of keratinocyte stem cells.

Publications

Side population in adult murine epidermis exhibits phenotypic and functional characteristics of keratinocyte stem cells.

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