Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

10 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

A starfish with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts from the Silurian of England.

ABSTRACT: Palaeozoic asteroids represent a stem-group to the monophyletic post-Palaeozoic Neoasteroidea, but many aspects of their anatomy are poorly known. Using serial grinding and computer reconstruction, we describe fully articulated Silurian (ca 425 Myr) specimens from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte, preserved in three dimensions complete with soft tissues. The material belongs to a species of Bdellacoma, a genus previously assigned to the ophiuroids, but has characters that suggest an asteroid affinity. These include a pyloric system in the gut, and the presence of large bivalved pedicellariae, the latter originally described under the name Bursulella from isolated valves. Ampullae are external and occur within podial basins; the radial canal is also external. Podia are elongate and lack terminal suckers. The peristome is large relative to the mouth. Aspects of the morphology are comparable to that of the extant Paxillosida, supporting phylogenetic schemes that place this order at the base of the asteroid crown group.

SUBMITTER: Sutton MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1599871 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Three-dimensionally preserved soft tissues and calcareous hexactins in a Silurian sponge: implications for early sponge evolution.

Project description:Sponges (Porifera), as one of the earliest-branching animal phyla, are crucial for understanding early metazoan phylogeny. Recent studies of Lower Palaeozoic sponges have revealed a variety of character states and combinations unknown in extant taxa, challenging our views of early sponge morphology. The Herefordshire Konservat-Lagerstätte yields an abundant, diverse sponge fauna with three-dimensional preservation of spicules and soft tissue. Carduispongia pedicula gen. et sp. nov. possesses a single layer of hexactine spicules arranged in a regular orthogonal network. This spicule type and arrangement is characteristic of the reticulosans, which have traditionally been interpreted as early members of the extant siliceous Class Hexactinellida. However, the unusual preservation of the spicules of C. pedicula reveals an originally calcareous composition, which would be diagnostic of the living Class Calcarea. The soft tissue architecture closely resembles the complex sylleibid or leuconid structure seen in some modern calcareans and homoscleromorphs. This combination of features strongly supports a skeletal continuum between primitive calcareans and hexactinellid siliceans, indicating that the last common ancestor of Porifera was a spiculate, solitary, vasiform animal with a thin skeletal wall.

| S-EPMC6689616 | biostudies-literature

A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstatte, UK.

Project description:The Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte (approx. 430 Myr BP) has yielded, among many exceptionally preserved invertebrates, a wide range of new genera belonging to crown-group Panarthropoda. Here, we increase this panarthropod diversity with the lobopodian Thanahita distos, a new total-group panarthropod genus and species. This new lobopodian preserves at least nine paired, long, slender appendages, the anterior two in the head region and the posterior seven representing trunk lobopods. The body ends in a short post-appendicular extension. Some of the trunk lobopods bear two claws, others a single claw. The body is covered by paired, tuft-like papillae. Thanahita distos joins only seven other known three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian or onychophoran (velvet worm) fossil specimens and is the first lobopodian to be formally described from the Silurian. Phylogenetic analysis recovered it, together with all described Hallucigenia species, in a sister-clade to crown-group panarthropods. Its placement in a redefined Hallucigeniidae, an iconic Cambrian clade, indicates the survival of this clade to Silurian times.

| S-EPMC6124121 | biostudies-literature

A well-preserved respiratory system in a Silurian ostracod.

Project description:Ostracod crustaceans are diverse and ubiquitous in aqueous environments today but relatively few known species have gills. Ostracods are the most abundant fossil arthropods but examples of soft-part preservation, especially of gills, are exceptionally rare. A new ostracod, Spiricopia aurita (Myodocopa), from the marine Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte (430 Mya), UK, preserves appendages, lateral eyes and gills. The respiratory system includes five pairs of gill lamellae with hypobranchial and epibranchial canals that conveyed haemolymph. A heart and associated vessels had likely evolved in ostracods by the Mid-Silurian.

| S-EPMC6283931 | biostudies-literature

Gene expression in a three dimensionally cultivated human hepatocytes

2013-08-31 | GSE44580 | GEO

Three-dimensionally printed biological machines powered by skeletal muscle.

Project description:Combining biological components, such as cells and tissues, with soft robotics can enable the fabrication of biological machines with the ability to sense, process signals, and produce force. An intuitive demonstration of a biological machine is one that can produce motion in response to controllable external signaling. Whereas cardiac cell-driven biological actuators have been demonstrated, the requirements of these machines to respond to stimuli and exhibit controlled movement merit the use of skeletal muscle, the primary generator of actuation in animals, as a contractile power source. Here, we report the development of 3D printed hydrogel "bio-bots" with an asymmetric physical design and powered by the actuation of an engineered mammalian skeletal muscle strip to result in net locomotion of the bio-bot. Geometric design and material properties of the hydrogel bio-bots were optimized using stereolithographic 3D printing, and the effect of collagen I and fibrin extracellular matrix proteins and insulin-like growth factor 1 on the force production of engineered skeletal muscle was characterized. Electrical stimulation triggered contraction of cells in the muscle strip and net locomotion of the bio-bot with a maximum velocity of ∼ 156 μm s(-1), which is over 1.5 body lengths per min. Modeling and simulation were used to understand both the effect of different design parameters on the bio-bot and the mechanism of motion. This demonstration advances the goal of realizing forward-engineered integrated cellular machines and systems, which can have a myriad array of applications in drug screening, programmable tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biomimetic machine design.

| S-EPMC4104884 | biostudies-literature

Three New Cytotoxic Polyhydroxysteroidal Glycosides from Starfish Craspidaster hesperus.

Project description:Three new polyhydroxysteroidal glycosides, hesperuside A (1), B (2), and C (3), as well as a known novaeguinoside A (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of starfish Craspidaster hesperus collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. The compounds 1-3 present unprecedented carbohydrate chain 3-O-methyl-β-d-galactopyranose, which differ from each other in the side chains. These compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against human tumor cells BEL-7402, MOLT-4, and A-549 in vitro.

| S-EPMC5082337 | biostudies-literature

Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming.

Project description:It is difficult to fabricate three-dimensional structures using semiconductor-process technology, because it is based on two-dimensional layered structure fabrication and the etching of thin films. In this study, we fabricated metal structures that can be dynamically deformed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional shapes by combining patterning using photolithography with electroforming technology. First, a resist structure was formed on a Cu substrate. Then, using a Ni sulfamate electroforming bath, a Ni structure was formed by electroforming the fabricated resist structure. Finally, the resist structure was removed to release the Ni structure fabricated on the substrate, and electroforming was used to Au-plate the entire surface. Scanning-electron microscopy revealed that the structure presented a high aspect ratio (thickness/resist width = 3.5), and metal structures could be fabricated without defects across the entire surface, including a high aspect ratio. The metallic structures had an average film thickness of 12.9 µm with σ = 0.49 µm, hardness of 600 HV, and slit width of 7.9 µm with σ = 0.25 µm. This microfabrication enables the fabrication of metal structures that deform dynamically in response to hydrodynamic forces in liquid and can be applied to fields such as environmental science, agriculture, and medicine.

| S-EPMC9315991 | biostudies-literature

Gene expression in a three dimensionally cultivated human hepatocytes

Project description:The development of more complex but reliable systems for compound testing in a pharmaceutical context is a challenging task to date. Three dimensional (3D), organ mimetic cell culture is aiming to become an alternative to common two dimensional (2D) cell culture or animal testing in that field. We developed a biocompatible 3D cell culture environment for a 3D hepatocyte cell culture that enables cellular maintenance in a polycarbonate scaffold structure. Our data indicate that an actively perfused three dimensional cell culture displays a more pronounced metabolic genotype than statically cultivated hepatocytes. Human hepatocytes of three donors were cultivated for five days under 2D and 3D statical and perfused conditions. Cultivation was started with 0.25 x106 in 2D and with 1x 106 vital cells for the 3D experiments. The day of seeding was defined as d0. The groups were classified as follows: 2D i.e.monolayer cultures, 3D i.e. statical 3D culture and BR denotes perfused 3D culture of hepatocytes. The perfusable bioreactor system was operated using a peristaltic pump. It houses the MatriGrid, a polycarbonate based microporous cellular support. For 3Dstatic cultivation, cell- inoculated MatriGrids were placed in wells of a 24 wells plate. Microarray experiments of three 2D (i.e. control), three 3D statically and three actively perfused 3D cultivations, respectively, were performed at SIRS-Lab GmbH (SIRS-Lab GmbH, Jena, Germany) according to the manufacturerM-bM-^@M-^Ys instructions (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Altogether, 8 RNA samples of hepatocyte cultures and an internal control RNA were hybridized on two HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChips.

2013-03-31 | E-GEOD-44580 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Three-dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Structure Enabled Nanothermite Membrane of Mn2O3/Al.

Project description:Mn2O3 has been selected to realize nanothermite membrane for the first time in the literature. Mn2O3/Al nanothermite has been synthesized by magnetron sputtering a layer of Al film onto three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Mn2O3 skeleton. The energy release is significantly enhanced owing to the unusual 3DOM structure, which ensures Al and Mn2O3 to integrate compactly in nanoscale and greatly increase effective contact area. The morphology and DSC curve of the nanothermite membrane have been investigated at various aluminizing times. At the optimized aluminizing time of 30 min, energy release reaches a maximum of 2.09 kJ∙g(-1), where the Al layer thickness plays a decisive role in the total energy release. This method possesses advantages of high compatibility with MEMS and can be applied to other nanothermite systems easily, which will make great contribution to little-known nanothermite research.

| S-EPMC4776280 | biostudies-literature

Three-dimensionally designed protein-responsive RNA devices for cell signaling regulation.

Project description:The three-dimensional (3D) structures of many biomacromolecules have been solved to reveal the functions of these molecules. However, these 3D structures have rarely been applied to constructing efficient molecular devices that function in living cells. Here, we demonstrate a 3D structure-based molecular design principle for constructing short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated genetic information converters; these converters respond to specific proteins and trigger the desired gene expression by modulating the function of the RNA-processing enzyme Dicer. The inhibitory effect on Dicer cleavage against the shRNA designed to specifically bind to U1A spliceosomal protein was correlated with the degree of steric hindrance between Dicer and the shRNA-protein complex in vitro: The level of the hindrance was predicted based on the models. Moreover, the regulation of gene expression was achieved by using the shRNA converters designed to bind to the target U1A or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p50 proteins expressed in human cells. The 3D molecular design approach is widely applicable for developing new devices in synthetic biology.

| S-EPMC3467064 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data