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Recruitment of the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LANA.

ABSTRACT: The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LANA protein is expressed in all Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected cells, including the tumor cells of endemic and AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and Castleman disease. LANA modulates cell gene expression, but the mechanisms of LANA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming are poorly understood. LANA-repressed cell genes were identified by using retroviral-transduced telomerase-immortalized microvascular endothelial cells. Transciptional repression of targeted genes was relieved by treatment with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, suggesting a role for DNA methylation in repression. We found that LANA coprecipitated with DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and recruited endogenous DNA methyltransferase activity from the cell extract. LANA preferentially relocalized Dnmt3a from the nuclear matrix into the chromatin fraction. Further, LANA associated with repressed cellular promoters, recruited Dnmt3a to DNA, and facilitated de novo promoter methylation of a down-regulated gene, cadherin 13 (H-cadherin). The data provide an example of promoter-specific epigenetic DNA modification through viral protein recruitment of de novo Dnmt activity.

SUBMITTER: Shamay M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1599998 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Distinct p53, p53:LANA, and LANA complexes in Kaposi's Sarcoma--associated Herpesvirus Lymphomas.

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The DNA methyltransferase-like protein DNMT3L stimulates de novo methylation by Dnmt3a.

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Project description:Similar to that of other herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) lytic replication destroys the host cell, while the virus can persist in a latent state in synchrony with the host. During latency only a few genes are transcribed, and the question becomes one of what determines latent versus lytic gene expression. Here we undertake a detailed analysis of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA [orf73]) promoter (LANAp). We characterized a minimal region that is necessary and sufficient to maintain high-level transcription in all tissues tested, including primary endothelial cells and B cells, which are the suspected natural host for KSHV. We show that in transient-transfection assays LANAp mimics the expression pattern observed for the authentic promoter in the context of the KSHV episome. Unlike other KSHV promoters tested thus far, LANAp is not affected by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or viral lytic cycle functions. It is, however, subject to control by LANA itself and cellular regulatory factors, such as p53. This is in contrast to the K14/vGCR (orf74) promoter, which overlaps LANAp and directs transcription on the opposite strand. We isolated a minimal cis-regulatory region sufficient for K14/vGCR promoter activity and show that it, too, mimics the regulation observed for the authentic viral promoter. In particular, we demonstrate that its activity is absolutely dependent on the immediate-early transactivator orf50, the KSHV homolog of the Epstein-Barr virus Rta transactivator.

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