Dataset Information

NCI: A server to identify non-canonical interactions in protein structures.

ABSTRACT: NCI is a server for the identification of non-canonical interactions in protein structures. These interactions, which include N-H...pi, C(alpha)-H...pi, C(alpha)-H...O=C and variants of them, were first observed in small molecules and subsequently in high-resolution protein structures. Such interactions have been subjected to extensive structural analysis to elucidate the different geometric criteria required to identify them. These interactions have also recently been shown to be important for the stability of protein structures. In this work, I describe a server called NCI, which allows the user to either upload protein/peptide coordinates in Protein Data Bank (PDB) format or enter a Structural Classification of Proteins database (SCOP)/PDB identifier for which NCI identifies the different non-canonical interactions, based purely on geometric criteria. Results are presented as an HTML table, as a parseable text file and as a color-coded interaction matrix. In addition, the user can view the RasMol image highlighting the interactions in the protein structure and download the RasMol script. The NCI server is available at: http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/genomes/nci/.

SUBMITTER: Babu MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC168935 | biostudies-literature | 2003 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NCI: A server to identify non-canonical interactions in protein structures.

Babu M Madan MM

Nucleic acids research 20030701 13

NCI is a server for the identification of non-canonical interactions in protein structures. These interactions, which include N-H...pi, C(alpha)-H...pi, C(alpha)-H...O=C and variants of them, were first observed in small molecules and subsequently in high-resolution protein structures. Such interactions have been subjected to extensive structural analysis to elucidate the different geometric criteria required to identify them. These interactions have also recently been shown to be important for ...[more]

PMID: 12824323

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Project description:BackgroundChIP-chip and ChIP-seq are widely used methods to map protein-DNA interactions on a genomic scale in vivo. Waldminghaus and Skarstad recently reported, in this journal, a modified method for ChIP-chip. Based on a comparison of our previously-published ChIP-chip data for Escherichia coli ?32 with their own data, Waldminghaus and Skarstad concluded that many of the ?32 targets identified in our earlier work are false positives. In particular, we identified many non-canonical ?32 targets that are located inside genes or are associated with genes that show no detectable regulation by ?32. Waldminghaus and Skarstad propose that such non-canonical sites are artifacts, identified due to flaws in the standard ChIP methodology. Waldminghaus and Skarstad suggest specific changes to the standard ChIP procedure that reportedly eliminate the claimed artifacts.ResultsWe reanalyzed our published ChIP-chip datasets for ?32 and the datasets generated by Waldminghaus and Skarstad to assess data quality and reproducibility. We also performed targeted ChIP/qPCR for ?32 and an unrelated transcription factor, AraC, using the standard ChIP method and the modified ChIP method proposed by Waldminghaus and Skarstad. Furthermore, we determined the association of core RNA polymerase with disputed ?32 promoters, with and without overexpression of ?32. We show that (i) our published ?32 ChIP-chip datasets have a consistently higher dynamic range than those of Waldminghaus and Skarstad, (ii) our published ?32 ChIP-chip datasets are highly reproducible, whereas those of Waldminghaus and Skarstad are not, (iii) non-canonical ?32 target regions are enriched in a ?32 ChIP in a heat shock-dependent manner, regardless of the ChIP method used, (iv) association of core RNA polymerase with some disputed ?32 target genes is induced by overexpression of ?32, (v) ?32 targets disputed by Waldminghaus and Skarstad are predominantly those that are most weakly bound, and (vi) the modifications to the ChIP method proposed by Waldminghaus and Skarstad reduce enrichment of all protein-bound genomic regions.ConclusionsThe modifications to the ChIP-chip method suggested by Waldminghaus and Skarstad reduce rather than increase the quality of ChIP data. Hence, the non-canonical ?32 targets identified in our previous study are likely to be genuine. We propose that the failure of Waldminghaus and Skarstad to identify many of these ?32 targets is due predominantly to the lower data quality in their study. We conclude that surprising ChIP-chip results are not artifacts to be ignored, but rather indications that our understanding of DNA-binding proteins is incomplete.

Dataset Information

NCI: A server to identify non-canonical interactions in protein structures.

Publications

NCI: A server to identify non-canonical interactions in protein structures.

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