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Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits caspase-3 activity, preventing lung endothelial cell apoptosis.


ABSTRACT: alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) is an abundant circulating serpin with a postulated function in the lung of potently inhibiting neutrophil-derived proteases. Emphysema attributable to A1AT deficiency led to the concept that a protease/anti-protease imbalance mediates cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. We hypothesized that A1AT has other pathobiological relevant functions in addition to elastase inhibition. We demonstrate a direct prosurvival effect of A1AT through inhibition of lung alveolar endothelial cell apoptosis. Primary pulmonary endothelial cells internalized human A1AT, which co-localized with and inhibited staurosporine-induced caspase-3 activation. In cell-free studies, native A1AT, but not conformers lacking an intact reactive center loop, inhibited the interaction of recombinant active caspase-3 with its specific substrate. Furthermore, overexpression of human A1AT via replication-deficient adeno-associated virus markedly attenuated alveolar wall destruction and oxidative stress caused by caspase-3 instillation in a mouse model of apoptosis-dependent emphysema. Our findings suggest that direct inhibition of active caspase-3 by A1AT may represent a novel anti-apoptotic mechanism relevant to disease processes characterized by excessive structural cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, such as pulmonary emphysema.

SUBMITTER: Petrache I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1780181 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits caspase-3 activity, preventing lung endothelial cell apoptosis.

Petrache Irina I   Fijalkowska Iwona I   Medler Terry R TR   Skirball Jarrett J   Cruz Pedro P   Zhen Lijie L   Petrache Horia I HI   Flotte Terence R TR   Tuder Rubin M RM  

The American journal of pathology 20061001 4


alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) is an abundant circulating serpin with a postulated function in the lung of potently inhibiting neutrophil-derived proteases. Emphysema attributable to A1AT deficiency led to the concept that a protease/anti-protease imbalance mediates cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. We hypothesized that A1AT has other pathobiological relevant functions in addition to elastase inhibition. We demonstrate a direct prosurvival effect of A1AT through inhibition of lung alveolar endothel  ...[more]

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